tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89406224847450017802024-03-23T03:14:36.824-07:00Sample PapersOnline collection of free sample essays, sample term papers, sample research papers, sample thesis papers and sample dissertations on popular topics.Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.comBlogger48125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-89381792558857714962009-08-20T02:54:00.000-07:002009-08-20T02:59:18.357-07:00Abortion Essay<strong>Abortion</strong> should continue to be a legalised surgical procedure. After much discussion abortion has finally become legalised in most countries, but was it the right choice to make? Abortion is the greatest cause of death in NSW and many women regret ever having an abortion. Many women suffer from pain and discomfort from the result of an abortion, when they could easily save their babies life and continue on with theirs, by putting it up for adoption. There are many women out there who continue to have abortions. It is the safest surgical procedure and if abortion became illegal it would result in even more deaths. Unwanted babies can ruin not only teenagers but many other women’s careers, sometimes resulting in an unsuccessful life. Abortion has and continues to be a major issue in society that clearly needs to be resolved.<br /><br />Each year there are sixty to seventy million abortions which occur worldwide, eighty thousand of those occur in Australia and forty thousand occur in New South Wales alone. Forty-one percent of deaths that occur in Australia are caused from having abortions, this makes it the greatest cause of death in Australia. The first place that a baby lives is in the womb. Although it may seem very safe and secure for the baby, it is actually the most dangerous place for an Australian to live. Eight-hundred abortions are performed each week in New South Wales and ninety-eight percent of those are done for convenience. Sometimes teenagers may not want their parents to find out that they ever got pregnant or maybe the family is just not ready for the baby.<br /><br />There are other alternatives to having an abortion which are not only safer but are better for everyone. The main choice being, putting your child up for adoption. This allows you to live your life without worrying about the innocent baby that you’ve killed. It also gives the baby a chance to have a good life as well, with a pair of loving parents who have waited so long for their dream to come true, having their own child. For each abortion that is performed, there are at least ten families that have waited so long to have their very own child. Unfortunately for all those couples, many adoption lists in Australia have either been limited or completely closed for years. There just aren’t enough children available in the world for childless couples.<br /><br />Abortion is not simply a quick easy procedure that is over and done with no problems. There are a number of effects that you can receive from having an abortion. Ten percent of women undergoing induced abortion suffer from immediate complications, two percent which are major. Minor complications include minor infections, bleeding, fevers, chronic abdominal pain, gastro-intestinal disturbances, vomiting, and Rh sensitisation. The most common major effects include infection, excessive bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anaesthesia complications, convulsions, haemorrhage, cervical injury, and endotoxic shock. Abortion of a first pregnancy interrupts the growth and hormonal changes which enable the breast to produce milk, this leaves the breast at a high risk of cancer. The millions of induced abortions occurring around the world has accounted for the mysterious jump in the breast cancer rate.<br /><br />As well as the Physical effects of abortion, there are also the emotional effects. Many women suffer from Post Abortion Syndrome which at its worst can lead to suicide. It is understood to be a type of post- traumatic stress disorder and often involves postnatal depression, suicidal behaviour, drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, family breakdown and child neglect or abuse. The biggest effect from abortion for most women would have to be regret.<br /><br />According to a survey of women effected by abortions, ninety- five percent of women today don’t believe they made the right decision. This will impact on them greatly as they will continue living their lives thinking about what it would be like if they had kept that baby. They also feel guilt as they have killed an innocents life.<br /><br />Abortion was once a very dangerous procedure but now it is extremely safe. In 1973 the death risk from abortion was 3.4 deaths per 100,000 women. Before 1973 there were even more deaths as it was an illegal procedure, many unqualified people who didn’t know what they are doing, undertook the procedure and often used hangers and other sharp objects. By 1985 the death risk had dropped to .4 deaths per 100,000 women, and today it is very rare for a woman to die from the result of an abortion. It is now said to be among the safest surgical procedures available. Because abortions have been made legal in most countries, there has been notice of a fifteen percent more decrease in the crime rate in those countries that conduct abortions frequently. This is due to the fact that there aren’t any unqualified people undertaking the procedure anymore, it is now very professional.<br /><br />Many women and teenagers are unable to cope with having a baby who is mentally or physically disabled or who is the result of rape. This is quite understandable especially for teenagers and elderly women. It is hard enough for teenagers to look after a baby, let alone a baby that requires full attention and has special needs. One case that has occurred was that a teenage girl who had down syndrome got pregnant with a baby who also had the syndrome. The teenage girl was unable to care for the baby and her parents were far to old to cope with another child. The only choice they had was to have an abortion.<br /><br />Women or teenagers who are raped are very traumatised as it is, but to become pregnant from the incident is even worse. To think that you are carrying a child as a result of being raped is an absolutely horrifying feeling. Usually you want to try and forget about what happened but having the baby would just bring back far too many terrible memories. Without being able to have an abortion as a result of rape, would mean that many women might have to bring up a baby who was conceived by a very destructive act.<br /><br />When women fall pregnant, it is not always planned. Some women will have the baby because they were planning to have one eventually anyway and they don’t have any other major worries at the time. For other women and teenagers, it could be the worst thing they could do at the time. A child is not easy to look after and they require a big responsibility. Some teenagers are not ready to take on that responsibility when they find out they’re pregnant, so they have an abortion, which is perfectly safe for them to do. This enables them to live their life a bit longer and think about their career before they start thinking about any commitments. For older women who fall pregnant it is often very dangerous to go through childbirth and there is more of a chance that the baby will have defects or deformities. Abortion is really the best solution in this situation. It saves having to worry about looking after a baby that needs full attention, while at the same time you are trying to look after yourself as you get older.<br /><br />Abortion is a very strong issue in our society today and has been dealt with in most areas of the world. Some people believe that abortion should definitely be an illegal procedure as you are taking the life of an innocent. Others think that it needs to stay legal, otherwise there may be more deaths than expected. I believe that having an abortion is a very destructive act as you are killing a baby who hasn’t even seen the outside world. The only women who should be legally able to have an abortion are those who’s lives are in danger, have been raped, or who’s baby’s life is in danger. Too many babies out there are being killed just because it is convenient for their mother to have an abortion.<br /><br />There are also too many people who are dying to have a child of their own but there just aren’t enough on the adoption lists. If your going to go and get yourself pregnant in the first place then I think you should accept the consequences and look after the child, or at least give it to someone else to look after. I’m sure a baby would prefer to come into the world, grow up with a family who loves them and find out they were adopted, than be killed at the age of eight weeks.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Abortion now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com47tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-34792590208469758742009-08-18T06:51:00.000-07:002009-08-18T06:53:33.623-07:00Machiavelli Essay<strong>Niccolo Machiavelli</strong> was a political philosopher of the Renaissance. He lived from 1496-1527. Niccolo Machiavelli was also a very famous painter in his time. He painted many famous paintings that are seen in museums, books, and many other places. He was also involved in government throughout his life. Niccolo Machiavelli was a painter, political philosopher, Italian historian, an statesman for influenced many political leaders in Europe.<br /><br />Niccolo Machiavelli led a very political life. In 1494, Niccolo Machiavelli became an important diplomat. He spent most of his time over the years writing history, political philosophy, and plays. The Renaissance was a time of political conflict. Niccolo took part in diplomatic missions through France, Germany, and Italy. In later years, he was forced to retirement of the political business. Machiavelli was known as the “father of modern political theory”.<br /><br />Niccolo Machiavelli had many political writings. Many of Machiavelli’s writings reflected political issues. He wrote about the world around him and his life in the Renaissance. He witnessed many changes in the environment and wrote about them.<br /><br />Niccolo Machiavelli wrote one political treatise titled The Prince. The Prince was written during a time of tragedy in the Renaissance. Many things Machiavelli wrote about had to deal with politics and violence. The Prince was written in 1513. Although it was written then, it was published however until 1532 and Machiavelli’s death. The theme of this book is about preservation of authority and the establishment of it.<br /><br />Because of The Prince, Machiavelli is considered one of the greatest early modern analyzers of the political power.<br /><br />In 1498, Machiavelli served as a civil servant in Florence. Later in 1512, Machiavelli was imprisoned and the republic failed.<br /><br />Machiavelli had many jobs over his lifetime. He was the head of the second chancery in 1498. Niccolo was also the secretary of council and he studied political tactics. He also studied the strength of a nation with only one prince. In 1509, Machiavelli led a small army to free Pisa. Later in his life, for 5 years he worked as a historiographer.<br /><br />Niccolo Machiavelli had hard times in his life. He lost his place in politics and very much wanted it back. When he wrote The Prince, he wrote it to try and regain favoritism by Medici. In the end, Medici didn’t agree with what Machiavelli said in The Prince and ended up rejecting Machiavelli’s proposal to have that job back.<br /><br />Machiavelli also wrote a book titled “Discourses On Livy”. The book was on Machiavelli’s full political philosophy. Niccolo also wrote a biography on the Life of Castruccio Castracani. He wrote many plays and also many poems. His most famous poem was The Mandrake. The Mandrake was written in 1524. Machiavelli also wrote the History of Florence in 1525. The History of Florence tells about chronicles of the city. Machiavelli also wrote the Art of the War in 1521. That book describes mercenary troops and their lives.<br /><br />Niccolo Machiavelli was a very productive leader. Over all of his tragedies that happened in his life, he still overcame all of it. He worked very hard producing plays that have become very famous over the years. He wrote The Prince, which is a very well populated piece today. Not only did Machiavelli produce plays but he also wrote poems and biographies for people. Many of his quotes that he resighted in The Prince are still remembered today and used greatly. He was also a very significant political leader and went very far in government.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Machiavelli now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-83554568682286317472009-08-17T03:39:00.000-07:002009-08-17T03:51:51.412-07:00Death Penalty Research PaperLethal injection has become the preferred method of execution in the United States since the early 80's. But is lethal injection a harsh enough penalty for murder? The answer is no, it is not a good enough punishment for someone who has taken the life of another. Lethal injection is a process that allows a convict to be put down quickly and painlessly, but what happened to the older methods? Methods such as hanging, electrocution, and firing squads are not used in a large scale these days. These methods are the kind that makes the offender miserable for the last moments of their life; these are the methods I think that should be used today. I am going to argue that the life in prison is not enough, the death penalty should be worse than what it is, and public executions have a greater deterrent effect.<br /><br />There are a lot of families that want more justice to the person who killed a family member then life imprisonment and that is just what they should get. For a family who has one of their own taken from them, the grief they feel is unimaginable. They need justice to be served to aid them to deal with their loss; they need the victim's death to be avenged. Life imprisonment is not enough. It is not a help to a grieving family to let the offender spend the rest of his days in jail, eating three square meals a day and watching TV. Quite frankly, it is not proper justice on behalf of the victim either. Ancient civilizations would not have thought twice about sentencing a person to death for taking the life of another. Opponents of the death penalty would argue that the death penalty is barbaric and inhuman, but what about the murder of innocent people? Is life in prison the punishment we want people to believe they will receive for murder? Prisons these days are state of the art, with weight rooms, work programs, televisions, food, and warm beds.<br /><br />Prison is a step up from the conditions that some people live in. Life in prison is more of a gift to some people then a punishment. Some people say that life in prison is worse then death because the offender will have to think about what they did every day for the rest of their life. Just knowing what they did is not good enough. Executions do not happen the minute after they commit a crime, there is enough time for them to think about what they have done while they wait for their life to be ended.<br /><br />Executing life prisoners will save money in long run. If a criminal committed a murder at 18 and lived to the average life expectancy of an American, taxpayers would have to pay for that convict for at least 50 years. If that same criminal was executed at 19 hundreds of thousands of dollars would be saved on that convict alone. In a system that is overworked and overcrowded it could be just the thing to aid the criminal justice system that it so desperately needs. Needed jail space would be freed up for criminals with lesser offenses who might receive probation and commit other offenses. The money it would save would enable a lower amount of money to be allotted to prisons that have to house these inmates who could have received death. That money could in turn be used in programs to help deter people at and early age from committing all types of crimes.<br /><br />Some murderers will never feel remorse for what they have done, what will life in prison do for those people? There is an old saying "an eye for an eye" and only with that theory can justice be served. Since ancient times criminals have received the death penalty because the crimes they have committed have damaged people and families forever. Murderers are not good enough to receive life in prison. They have committed the ultimate crime, taking the life of another. Allowing convicted murderers to receive the mercy of the courts and get life is the wrong message we want to tell the public. To let murders off easy is an insult to the victims, the families, and society as a whole.<br /><br />Lethal injection is too lenient of a death penalty for a harsh crime; criminals sentenced to death should receive harsh penalties like the crimes they committed. We should punish a murderer more severely then we do today. It is hard for a family to just go watch a prisoner get an injection, after all, the victim most likely received a more violent death then an injection. Justice for murderers should be more violent. Why should they just give them a little injection when they did worse to their victim? The punishment system should be just the same as what the murderer did. For example, if a murderer shot somebody in the arm, and the next day they died, then he or she should be shot in front of their family. Let them suffer. If he does not die, then shoot him again.<br /><br />The 8th amendment prevents cruel and unusual punishments. The amendment was established in part because Supreme Court justices felt that personal vengeance has no place in the criminal justice system. The fate of a murderer was left to a jury of people that did not know the victim, most likely have never had anyone they love taken from them in cold blood, and do not know what it feels like knowing someone they loved suffered the way the victim did. I think the amendment should be abolished. Maybe it is time families got a little vengeance. There is no end in sight for murders so why not allow the families of victims to avenge the deaths of their loved ones, and allow them to get the proper justice they seek. The loss of a loved one to a horrible death is unimaginable, and then for the person who took that loved one away from a family to just go to sleep and never wake up again is not enough. "Robert E. Crowe, the Illinois stateТs attorney" was a great supporter of the death penalty. "I urge capital punishment for murder," he once exclaimed, "not because I believe that society wishes to take the life of a murderer, but because society does not wish to lose its own" (Kronenwetter)".<br /><br />In England, many years ago, they used a different kind of death penalty. Instead of using a regular death penalty, they would torture their prisoner until they were dead. In the late middle Ages, European countries executed people for minor offenses; England primarily reserved the death penalty for such relatively serious crimes as murder, treason, rape, arson, and robbery. However, pick-pockets and other petty thieves were most often executed. Hanging and beheading were the most common executions. This is what the United States should start doing. If we would begin to hang and behead murderers, then their definitely would not be any more crimes committed. In England, the array of crimes punishable by death has increased over the years, until the early nineteenth century more than two hundred different crimes had become capital offenses.<br /><br />The death penalty in the American colonies was a little similar to ours in this day. Treason and murder is what made them give the death penalty. Certain country's have different regulations for the death penalty. Murder was the capital crime in the colonies, as was treason or rebellion. In the Massachusetts colony, cursing one's parents was a capital crime. This information is a great help for our capital punishment system. We need to start following the laws from back then. The little crimes we can do away with, but to hang or behead someone would be a lot more deterrent.<br />In the wake of the American Revolution, the U. S. Constitution gave both the states and the federal government the right to set their own criminal penalties. "The very first congress of the United States passed federal laws making death the penalty for rape and murder, and each of the original states made other crimes punishable by death as well (Kronenwetter)". These executions go a little to far for the crimes they committed back then, but if we use some of those punishments these day's, then there definitely will not be any crimes.<br /><br />While the United States is seen as barbaric to other countries because most do not have the death penalty, they do not have the murder rates we do. Other countries do not have violent murderers like we do either. If we can not prevent murders, we can at least use harsher penalties to punish offenders. Penalties like hanging, electrocution, firing squad, and the gas chamber need to be reintroduced. The current punishments would make us believe that people who take another person's life should receive the same treatment as a sick family pet, a simple injection that brings about a quick, painless death. Is that really justice for a murder victim? If murder victims could have their say they would want murderers to suffer the same pain that they did, but unfortunately they cannot have their say because their lives were savagely cut short. The only way for victims to receive the justice they deserve is for their assailant should suffer like they did.<br /><br />Executions alone are not enough of a deterrent. Executions that are opened to the public could be just the deterrent we need. The number of murderers committed increases everyday. Why can't we stop them? This has been a question for as long as time. Putting the injection to them will not stop anything. Think about it, if everyone in the world could watch a murderer get executed, who would want to kill anyone anymore. They would not want to go through what they have seen, so maybe it will change their mind and make them think before they do so. In the old days when there were public executions there were no where near as many murders as there are today. All executions were public in the old days including hangings here in the United States. Public executions were done away with because they were seen as barbaric, but how will people in the world today realize the punishments for killing if they do not know what an execution is like? Just telling people killing is wrong is not enough. They need a mental image to be able to put with the thought of murder. Public executions are just the thing that would make people learn murder is wrong and it carries with it a harsh penalty.<br /><br />Penalties such as hanging, electrocution, and the firing squad should be used more often. We do not have to go as far as some Arabic countries where people get mutilated until they die, but we do need to make harsher penalties viewable to the masses. The government should show the executions on television, and open the executions up to a public audience. People would not even have to view the execution to get the effects of it. The media would talk about it enough that the message would be conveyed to everyone. The harsh penalties would be the deterrent they were always meant to be.<br /><br />The death penalty has been in murky water since the early 80's. Even with the most painless method available used the country as a whole is still seen as barbaric throughout the world. The greatest civilizations in history all used the death penalty and a much harsher penalties then used today. From the Egyptians to the Romans, and the Middle Ages until today the death penalty has always been used. While it has always been used, no civilization has ever used a painless method as such as we use today. That is why there were not murderers like there are today. Every one knew the punishment for murder was a painful and severe death. Now murderers can receive life imprisonment instead of the death penalty allowing them to spend the rest days behind bars watching TV. Harsher death penalties would help relieve the grief victims families will feel after the loss of their loved ones. Death is the only right way to avenge the death of any victim that they can not get any other way. Death penalties have never been a great deterrent but they have been even less of a deterrent since they have been made less painful and private. Only a modified harsher death penalty can help severe crimes to been seen as morally wrong to the public as a whole. Robert Crowe said, "It is the finality of the death penalty which instills fear in the heart of every murderer, and it is this fear of punishment which protects society (Kronenwetter)".<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom research paper on Death Penalty now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-26802362125725539802009-08-16T06:32:00.000-07:002009-08-16T06:33:49.432-07:00Periodic Table EssayThe <strong>periodic table</strong> is a table in which all of the known elements are listed. The table arranges the elements in order of increasing proton number to show the similarities of chemical elements. Therefore elements with structural similarities & atomic number are placed together. These elements can be placed into two different categories, metals & non-metals. These elements can then be sub divided into 4 groups; Alkali, non-metals, transition & inner-transitions. If read horizontally the size of the atoms increases from metals to non-metals, yet when read vertically, all of the elements in the same group have the same number of electrons, which means they all behave in the same manner.<br /><br />The first man to describe the periodic table was Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, whom was interested in chemistry. Mendeleev was determine to prove that elements in fact followed certain patterns. Mendeleev used the properties of the 57 known elements to group them. He used the first version of the periodic table to place elements where they seemed to belong. He also left blank spaces in the appropriate squares. After the elements had been laid out he was able to, in detail, predict the chemical & physical tendencies of the elements. Hydrogen didn’t fit into his pattern so he put it in a box of it’s own. A new row was started each time an element was discovered with properties similar to those in the first row. When read top to bottom there are various similarities to be found in the table, identicalas to when read left to right. This is the basis for the modern periodical table.<br /><br /><br />The elements in the periodic table are arranged in a manner that places them in order of increasing proton number in “Groups” which are the columns, & “Periods” which are the rows. There are 8 groups of electrons; each named by the number of electrons inside the outer shell of the atoms of the elements of that group. Groups 2 & 3 are the transition metals group. The elements in this group have properties, which depend on the number of electrons within the inner shell. The atomic number of the elements increases by one as you horizontally read the table. When you read vertically down the table each period corresponds to the new outer shell of electrons surrounding the nucleus. As multiple shells are added the atoms of elements down a group get larger.<br /><br />From 57 elements in Dmitri’s time of discovery to the 104 known elements today, the periodic table has helped to establish the properties & values of both new & old elements. The table is used every day by hundreds of people around the world. The data in the table provides information to anyone who seeks it.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Periodic Table now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com26tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-74887637908771044302009-08-14T09:06:00.000-07:002009-08-14T09:11:08.921-07:00Segmentation Strategies Essay<span style="font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span><br />This essay mainly focuses on the AHBAI website, promoting their Proud Lady hair care and beauty products and merchandise. Their main focus is on the large Black Community within the US, but they are also starting to go abroad as well. They provide job opportunities, scholarships and training within the desired industry and are a thriving association in representation of Black-owned manufacturing companies. Their segmentation variables reflect on how they selected their target market and also how they had decided to communicate to their product and service to their target audience.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Introduction</span><br />Marketing is much more involved than just the business of selling and advertising of products and services. Of course it is the main aspect of marketing, but it does branch out to many different areas of processing before a product or service are ready to be presented to the consumers. There has to be a need or want for a product or service before it is established and then it is to be designed in order to satisfy the audience. However, the total market consists of a large population therefore there must be further research to be carried out, as a means to select the potential market and this is where segmentation occurs. Once all the characteristics have been identified through segmentation, a target market is achieved where those consumers with similar needs in relation to the product or service, are grouped. The next step in this process is the communication medium of which the marketer would choose that would be effective in getting the message of the product or service, across to the target audience.<br /><br />A growing communication medium includes the Internet where it is easily accessible to the market. This report identifies a company’s website and how effective it is reaching its target market. Beginning from the determination of their segmentation objectives to their target market, and identifying their communication objectives. The company that will be in focus for this particular report is the American Health and Beauty Aids Institute (AHBAI), the trade company in association with The Proud Lady beauty products. AHBAI is an internationally renowned trade association representing the world’s leading Black-owned companies that manufacture ethnic hair care and beauty related products featuring the Proud Lady Symbol.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Segmentation</span><br />All products and services rely on the use of market segmentation for appropriate advertising purposes and it can be seen as a vital management tool. Schiffman defines market segmentation as the process of dividing a market into distinct subsets of consumers with common needs and characteristics and selecting one or more segments to target with a distinct marketing mix (2001, pg. 54). Hawkins view of segmentation involves in the development of specific marketing programs targeted at consumer groups with unique needs and/or purchasing processes (1994, pg. 9). Since companies vary between what they can offer to their markets, segmentation has been proven to be efficient and effective in regards to selecting and serving their segment of the market, in which they can provide the best service within that segment.<br /><br />Market segmentation also allows marketers of consumer goods and services identify the needs of the market and can usually provide the marketer with the opportunity to expand their target market or enter a new market to satisfy more effectively the specific needs or wants of particular consumers (Schiffman, Bednall, Cowley, O’Cass, Watson, Kanuk 2001, pg. 55). It shows that this is an effective practice rather than aiming at all potential customers and taking other competition head on, companies secure themselves by targeting a section of that market and specialising in features that appeal to their consumers (Poulos, M. 2001, pg. 12).<br /><br />Segmentation studies can assist the marketer to design existing and new products to satisfy newly discovered needs and wants of specific groups in the target market. This can involve in the redesign and the repositioning of existing products or even the addition of a new market segment. However, the segmentation strategy relies on establishing the appropriate bases, which include geographic factors, demographic factors, psychological characteristics, psychographic characteristics and sociocultural variables.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Geographic Segmentation</span><br />Through geographic segmentation, the market is divided by location. This is followed through by the theory that people who live in the same area share some similar needs and wants which differ from those people who live in other areas. There can be many variables that can affect this segmentation by location, which therefore does not allow the same marketing strategies that can apply to one location, to a totally different location like for example, climatic and regional differences.<br /><br />In relation to this variable, the AHBAI website mainly focuses on the American population but not only focuses on production in America as they’re ‘Proud Lady Symbol can be found over 3,500 different products in the United States and abroad ’.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Demographic Segmentation</span><br />Demographic segmentation identifies those characteristics that are identifiable and measurable statistic of the population. These characteristics include age, gender, marital status, income, occupation and education, which can provide the basis for this particular segmentation. Demographic segmentation can be seen as the major factor when marketers need to locate a target market, as it is often the most accessible and cost-effective way (Schiffman et al 2001, pg. 59).<br /><br />The AHBAI website doesn’t really focus on a demographic segment in particular, but they do focus on the more ethnic population of America. They eagerly promote that the AHBAI members are there to ‘serve Black America by providing jobs and scholarships and by teaching consumers how to recycle their dollars in the Black community’ . The website purely expresses that they are there to serve the Black American community and the demographics that they have focused on is mainly those who want to get into health and beauty care. As already mentioned before, AHBAI offers to their community, scholarships, internships or training, which therefore covers a lot of aspects in the demographic segment. Students who want to have a career in health and beauty and are fresh out of high school, seem to be a target segment for AHBAI however they do not outline the ages that they are observing, but they do take other variables into consideration like academic achievement, school activities and extracurricular activities.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Psychological Segmentation</span><br />This variable refers to the more intrinsic qualities of a consumer. Consumer segmentation is usually based on specific psychological variables, for example, their needs and motivations, personality, perceptions, learning, level of involvement and attitudes.<br /><br />Psychological segmentation pretty much outlines the desires of an individual. Therefore, if someone had the desire to become a hairdresser or beautician, then this segment is all about those individuals. AHBAI focuses on their Proud Lady Beauty Show where they have a World Fantasy Competition. The highlight of this show focuses on the creativity and imagination of the leading Black hair designers have to offer the world.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Psychographic Segmentation</span><br />Closely aligned with psychological research is a valuable marketing tool that can help identify future market segments that are likely to be responsive to specific marketing messages. This is the attempt to profile many consumer aspects that includes individual lifestyle, personality, buying motives, interests, attitudes, beliefs and values. Therefore being summed into a consumer’s activities, interests and opinions (AIO). This information may also be acquired through questionnaires.<br /><br />Pretty much along the lines of the psychological segmentation, the psychographic segmentation appeals to the individual and their main needs and wants in this particular trade.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sociocultural Segmentation</span><br />This segmentation provides a further basis for target marketing. The population has successfully been divided into segments according to stage in the family life cycle, social class, core cultural values, sub cultural memberships and cross-cultural affiliation.<br />This segmentation variable has been the main focus of the website where the emphasis of the Black American population is expressed. Hand in hand with the demographic segment, which focuses on the race variable, the website tries to keep within these boundaries.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Target Market</span><br />After the identification of the bases for consumer segmentation, marketers are required to select one or more of the segments to target with the appropriate targeting mix. These are further explained in the following.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Identifiable</span><br />Marketers must be able to identify and measure the relevant characteristics to divide a market into separate segments on the basis of a common need that is relevant to the product or service. Therefore they have to gather the appropriate information, where some segments are easily identifiable or observable, for example geography (location) or the consumer’s demographic (age, gender, occupation, race). Whereas some you may need to acquire through the use of a questionnaire or survey, these characteristics may include education, income and marital status.<br /><br />AHBAI satisfies this requirement in their marketing strategy where ‘the Proud Lady is a symbol of pride, hope and dignity and a promoter of economic growth in the Black Community’ . It also assures consumers that the product was manufactured by a stronger Black America.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sufficient</span><br />Marketers have to keep in mind that a worthwhile target market has to have a relatively sufficient number of people to be able to tailor the specific needs or interests of the consumer towards a product or service. To estimate the size of the target market, the marketer can use the secondary demographic data which would definitely be provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), or undertake a probability survey themselves, which can then be a guide in reflection of the total market. In regards to AHBAI’s target market, the Black American community is quite substantial in the US.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Stability</span><br />There has to be some sort of relative stability amongst the consumers in terms of needs, and demographic and psychological factors, which are more than likely to grow and expand over time. Marketers tend to avoid those segments that are highly unpredictable, which are sometimes observed through the teenagers as they are a sizeable and easily identifiable market segment because they are eager to buy, eager to spend and easy to reach, however their attention span are quite limited.<br /><br />Stability is satisfied through their target market for those who are interested in a profession in regards to this particular trade in hairdressing and beauty care.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Accessibility</span><br />Accessibility to the target market is one of the most important criteria for effective targeting is because marketers have to find the most effective way to target the desired market segment in an efficient and economical way. There are many different communication means which can include television programs or special interest magazines that marketers can use to reach their target market with minimum waste circulation and competition, but they are also always in search or other communication mediums. This would definitely include the Internet. This has been a growing phenomenon, where messages are constantly in the hands of the consumer, whenever and wherever they want.<br /><br />As the main focus is of the website, it’s accessibility is quite straightforward and simple to navigate. There is no clutter of excess information, just necessary details the company. The hair care and beauty products are in no doubt easily accessible.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Communication Objectives</span><br />Once market segmentation and target marketing has been achieved, the marketer has to establish their communication strategy, involving in the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through some kind of channel or medium. Even this is involved in a process, beginning from identifying the communication objectives, then selecting the appropriate audience for the message and the appropriate media through which to reach them, and then design the message so that it is appropriate to the medium and the audience (Schiffman et al 2001, pg. 264).<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Communication Strategy</span><br />In developing the communication strategy, the marketer has to identify the primary communication objectives, which may include creating awareness of a service, promoting sales of a product, attracting retail patronage, creating goodwill or a favourable image and any other objectives that the company might want to promote. The essential component of a communication strategy is selecting the appropriate target audience and what the company seeks to accomplish with its promotional program, which are often stated in terms of the nature of the message to be communicated or what specific communication effects are to be achieved (Belch & Belch 2001, pg. 30). However, marketers should keep in mind that each individual of the target audience are different according to their own traits, characteristics, interests, needs, experience and knowledge, therefore segmenting the audience into different groups that are homogenous in terms of some relevant characteristic (Schiffman et al 2001, pg. 264). The marketer is then able to create specific messages for each target group, keeping in mind the budget available to present these messages to the audience.<br /><br />The Internet is a very successful way of trying to get messages through to a target audience. AHBAI in this respect managed to inform their audience about how and why they are a substantiated company and what they had to offer to their target audience. If the website was not of sufficient information, then they are able to further contact the home source either by correspondence, phone or email.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Conclusion</span><br />Segmentation is a vital management tool that marketers require to identify their target market to effectively and efficiently promote their product or service. Marketers are also able to expand that same target market or enter a new market in response to their consumers needs and wants. AHBAI serves the Black American community and those who want to have a profession in the hair and beauty industry. Their target market is quite substantial as the community is rather large in the US. Their communication medium may not only lie within the Internet, as they may have other promotional methods, like advertisements on television. However, their beauty shows are also a promotional method in which to promote their hair care and beauty products and they also are selling a couple of their Proud Lady merchandise which can be purchased through a form attached to the site.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom research paper on Segmentation Strategies now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-22028499476366787022009-08-13T06:40:00.000-07:002009-08-13T06:42:23.451-07:00Lyme Disease Research Paper<span style="font-weight: bold;">Lyme disease</span> is a tick-borne systemic infection cause by a spiral organism, Borrelia burgdorferi, characterized by neurologic, joint, and cardiac manifestations. Lyme disease is carried by a tiny tick. It begins with a bite and a rash that can be so slight, you may not even notice. However the consequences can be serious, sometimes even fatal. Lyme disease can create symptoms that mimic a wide variety of other diseases, ranging from juvenile arthritis to multiple sclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease.<br /><br />The birth of Lyme disease started in Lyme, Connecticut. The disease was found in the 1960’s. Polly Murray moved to Lyme, Connecticut in 1959 with her four children. Within a few years of living in Lyme she began having periodic flu-like illnesses, headaches, and odd rashes. When she first went to the doctor they thought she had rheumatic fever and the doctors gave her penicillin. This helped for a little while but the symptoms returned in the spring and summer. In the early 1970’s Murray asked her doctor if this illness could be a delayed reaction to a tick bite, because she knew she had been bitten by ticks over the years. The doctor said no because she had no symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and in those days that was the only disease people thought was caused by ticks. Soon kids all over her neighborhood were coming down with the same symptoms. Murray kept at it and told everyone about the problems she had and had no answers for them. Later research found that her problems came from a tick called a Ixodes dammini tick.<br /><br />Symptoms of Lyme disease can be highly variable from one person to another and also can vary dramatically over time in one person. Although there is a classic pattern of illnesses in Lyme disease, it is not expressed in nearly half of all patients. This can make spotting the disease extraordinary difficult and living with it frustrating and painful. The disease progresses in three stages. In the first stage the symptom most commonly experienced by people with Lyme disease is a distinctive rash. This symptom is only experienced with about 60% of patients with Lyme disease. This rash is called EMC, which means a ”red, chronic, migrating rash.” It is most likely to appear a week after the tick bite but may occur from two to thirty days after such a bite. if not treated the rash will disappear on its own, usually within about three weeks. Along with the rash, or often in its absence, the patient often experiences a flu-like illness. About 60 to 80 percent of those who have the rash will experience such flu-like symptoms simultaneously. The symptoms may include: headache, fever, chills, aching muscles, stiff neck, loss of appetite, sore throat, nausea, and vomiting. Months later the second stage will kick in which includes various neurologic, cardiac, and joint manifestations. The third stage which eventually occurs in some untreated patients, is characterized by chronic arthritis and various neurologic problems. Some patients do not experience any of these symptom. In these cases doctors wonder if the patients will ever experience any symptoms of Lyme disease.<br /><br />One of the greatest problems surrounding medical care for Lyme disease is the problem of diagnosis. Diagnostic tests are not likely to be done unless the physician has what is known as high index of suspicion of the disease, which means that he or she is ever on the lookout for it. Even when Lyme disease is suspected, currently available diagnostic tests often yield false negative results and are believed to identify correctly only about half of all confirmed cases, especially early in the disease. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, the disease may seem to disappear only to resurface months or years later. The diagnostic blood test currently available commercially for Lyme disease does not actually look for Borrelia burgdorferi but the spirochete that causes the disease.<br /><br />The two general blood test used: an immunofluorescence test and an ELISA. Two other tests are used in research laboratories. One is the cell test and the other actually seeks the spirochete. Many physicians are pinning their hopes on a new test for Lyme disease now under development. It looks neither for the spirochete itself nor for the antibodies. Rather, it seeks out spirochete antigens in blood or urine and would therefore allow the disease to be diagnosed even before antibodies formed.<br /><br />Depending on the individual patient, and one of several drugs antibiotics may be used, usually starting with oral drugs, pills, given for at least ten to fourteen days. When the patient has Lyme disease there are many medications available. In adults: Tetracycline, 500 milligrams by mouth four times a day or Phenoxymethyl penicillin, 500 milligrams by mouth four times a day. In children age eight and older: Tetracycline, 12.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, by mouth every six hours (up to two grams per day) or Phenoxymethyl penicillin, 12.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, by mouth every six hours (up to two grams per day). In children under eight years of age: Erythromycin, 12.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, by mouth every six hours (up to two grams per day).<br /><br />If you have Lyme disease once in your life you should never forget it. Whenever you have new symptoms in the future, even symptoms that seem totally unrelated, and you see a physician, be sure to give the doctor a complete medical history, including your bout with Lyme disease. Our experience with Lyme disease is too short of duration to know for sure what lies ahead. Once cured you may never have new symptoms, but then again, you may. Only the collective experience of patients and physicians working together with full knowledge will eventually yield all the answers.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom research paper on Lyme Disease now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-68708342297336624532009-08-13T06:36:00.000-07:002009-08-13T06:38:28.324-07:00Gender Politics EssayIn our modern society, where technology and popular culture are major influences, the media sets our social norms on how we view and react to both gender roles. It does not matter where a person looks, they can see some form media – such as an advertisement, television show, or just the music we listen too. The inability to escape from the media makes it easy for a person to become saturated with homogenous messages of gender stereotypes, which eventually become the common beliefs throughout the entire society. When it comes to gender roles, the media sends out a message that a male or female should look and act a specific way if you are anything less of that then you do not fit in the social category of normal. These messages create many gender stereotypes, such as an individual’s opinion on their personal appearance, their role in society, or even specific characteristics that they think they should have to be their gender. If the media was not just controlled by a few large corporations, but by many smaller companies it would give society the freedom of choice to choose media with a message they believe instead of just saturating them with dominant, homogenous messages.<br /><br />The media plays a major role in establishing a certain physical appearance which is ideal for a gender type, and in both cases it is a perfectly fit, well groomed appearance that is made to be what everyone should have and if not, working to get. By doing this they set standards of perfection that few can obtain, and it is because of this they are able to ensure a profitable market forever, the main goal for all types of media. By looking at one source of media such as magazine advertisements it is very easy to see similarities between different ads, such as the type of people that are in the ads, or even the way the photographer emphasizes certain body parts depending on the sex of the person in the advertisement. Males that appear in advertisements are generally tall, dark, and handsome, with a muscular body, which creates an image that every male should look like this or they are not masculine. This can give other males who may not have these physical characteristics a sense that they are less a of a man, because they don’t have huge muscles for example, they are left to think that they are not as masculine as the males they see all the time in advertisements. The same can be seen with an even greater emphasis on body perfection for females in all forms of media. When looking at an advertisement that features a female it can seen that the photographer made sure that the entire body is shown, where as in an advertisement for males there would more emphasis on the face. On average the male face is emphasized 43% more in advertisements than female faces (Cartarphen and Zavoina, 1999, p.114). The female body is generally portrayed as being thin, having good body curvature, good complexion, and having a thick luscious head of hair. This message can be seen throughout the entire spectrum of media, from blockbuster movies to children’s television programs. For example 70% of girls and 40% of boys (www.childrennow.org) said that they want to look like the characters that they see on television, which shows that the media is affecting both genders and that females are subjected to even greater pressure to fall into these social norms. A lot of the time the message being sent out is so subtle that it goes unnoticed at the time, but when you look at the big picture it adds to the perfection message and gives femininity a set of guild lines made by the media. For all the females they do not fall between the guild lines boundaries are considered to less feminine then another female who possesses the qualities that are said to be ideal.<br /><br />Another aspect of appearance that the media has a major gender influence on is our clothing. They set a certain dress code for society. Media shows that for a male to be considered masculine they must wear things like jeans and a t-shirt, and for a female to me considered feminine they must wear things like dresses and hairs bows. In all forms of media these stereotypical gender role wardrobes are evident, where the little girl on television will be wearing a dress with her hair all done up in bows, and the little boys will be in their ripped blues jeans and a t-shirt. If a male or female decides to break away from the so call norm the media would show them getting singled out, or even getting made fun of for not dressing the way their gender says they should dress. For example if a boy was to wear pink or a girl were to wear jeans and a t-shirt to school, they are considered to be different and are not socially accepted by there peers. This message is shown by the media in one form or another all the time, and it takes away a person’s freedom to express themselves in anyway they want because they will not be accepted by society. Since the media is such a major part of our daily lives, change in our beliefs on clothing we should wear or what physical appearance one should have won’t happen until the media changes its message of perfection they deliver to society.<br /><br />In our Society both gender types have a role that they are suppose to follow, and the media has a great effect in creating which role each gender should occupy. When you take a look at different forms of media it is evident that the media is portraying males as being in positions of power, and females in secondary positions where they are not given much. Power is usually associated with the amount of control, influence, and authority a person has over others, and very important in our society. Power is not equally shared between gender roles, and this is evident when looking at different media sources. In the majority of television families the father (the masculine figure) is seen to be the breadwinner and the mother takes care of the chores around the household, even if she has a job. This gives the male of the family control of the household because he is the one that is making the money that supports the families day to day living. When females are shown to have an occupation it is usually in a position that is similar to what they are thought to be doing at home such as a waitress, a maid, or a nurse, which are all positions were someone else, a male, controls them. Even if they are shown with a job in media, they are still responsible for the same things a housewife would do, which creates this new image of the “superwoman”. By saturating our society with gender stereotyping the media creates a belief that this is how society should be, and it should just be accepted to be that way. This creates problems for both genders because it makes it hard for female to obtain positions of power, or if a male were to work at a position such as a nurse they would be considered to be feminine. The same goes for female because if they do occupy a position of power such as a CEO of a company, then she is considered to be more masculine. These stereotypes are seen all the time in different media types – when they do show the extreme cases just mentioned they are delivered in a context that is meant for humor and not to be taken seriously i.e. the movies “Mr. Mom, and “Miss Doubtfire”.<br /><br />Another example were power is shown to a masculine trait is comics books, where the male always plays the role of the powerful hero that has to save the poor defenseless female from danger. This shows that even media forms that are focused more towards children share this idea of a masculine dominant society. This makes children believe from a young age that males are the ones of power, and females are weak and dependent on males. The media also creates an image that females are sexual objects and are there for male pleasure or just to look pretty. This is apparent in the pornography industry where it is shown that females are just used by males for what they want, giving males an even more of a sense of power which Marilyn French calls “patriarchal power”. The media images that our society is saturated with create this sense of male power over everything that is important, and gives an image of weakness and dependence for females. It is from this division of power between genders in media, that each gender is given stereotypical characteristics.<br /><br />When observing the stereotypical messages that the media sends out it is evident that when it comes to characterization, masculinity and femininity are opposites of each other. The typical media type male would be person who had the traits of strong, aggressive, ruthlessness, and individualism, etc, and the typical female would have traits such as weak, passive, sensitive, and dependent, etc. They also create images of what it is to be good or bad at your gender, which would give certain characteristics to what it meant to be bad male or a good female. These stereotypes can be seen in all media types, where if they show one gender acting like the other it is not delivered in a serious manner, and is often used to just add humor to the situation. This creates an image in the minds of everyone in society that they must act according to their gender type. Even at a young age children are subjected to different media types that teach them things like boys are aggressive, and that girls should be sensitive and caring. The fact it that they are saturated with these same messages over and over, and because children are so easy influenced they believe whatever they see. It is these media set norms that also create the image that it is not right for a male to cry or show emotions, in which case they are forced to bottle up their feelings. If a male shown in media expresses himself like a so-called female, he would then are considered to be less masculine and not accepted by his peers as being one of them. The same goes for females because if they show any sort of aggression they looked at to be masculine, are portrayed by the media as being less desirable by males, and is therefore socially unacceptable. This is particularly evident in the movies industry where the male role is portrayed as some who is hard, and is unafraid during any situation, where the female is always in danger and screaming for help because they are not in control of their emotions.<br /><br />If a movie were to get a way from their normal characterization, it would be used as the main focus of interest for the movie because it is a rare situation in media and therefore create public interest. A good example of this is the movie “G.I. Jane” where a female is shown being a war hero, but to do this they had to portray her a being hard and more masculine, which was not accepted by most of the other characters in the movie. By creating this image the media has put a type of barrier for females, because it shows the hardship that one would have to go through in order to do something that is not labeled to be for their gender. This makes it less desirable for the people of society to make it their goal in life to no something (i.e. an occupation) that does not fit the social norms set by the media. By saturating the public with these stereotypical message the media has laid out guild lines of what is acceptable characteristics for each gender type, and if you do have one of these traits than you are looked down upon, and often segregated from the rest of society.<br /><br />The main idea here is that our world is filled with different types of media, therefore it is impossible to escape the message they are sending out and making them your own feels and beliefs. But there are also people who argue on behalf of the media by saying that the media is simply entertainment and fantasy, and anything that is viewed should looked from that point of view. Another objective point of view is that the media is simply a window to the real world, and just present things in a way that they are seen in our society. If media were simply a source of entertainment or a window to the real world, way is there so many example that show the negative effects of the media on our people. For example the media and the media alone is responsible for many cases of anorexia, or bulimia because the message people are receiving from the media is that there own bodies are not good enough, and they should look a certain way in order to be part of society. With our changing society that is heading in the direction of gender equality, it is evident that the media plays a major role in slowing the process down, because the message they send out is homogenous and puts stereotypes on each gender role. This is caused by the fact that media is run by only a few large corporations which are primarily run by males, therefore the message they send out are the ones that these big corporation want us to see in order to benefit them, not society.<br /><br />In order to correct this problem of homogeneous saturation of the same stereotypical message, the large media corporations would have to be split into a large number of smaller companies. By doing this it would create a more diverse message being sent out to the public, and subject people to more than just a small amount of people’s opinions on society should be like. This diverse message would give people more freedom of choice to what they want to wear, how they act, or what type of job they want to occupy. They could do this without having to worry about people not accepting them for who they are, because the media says that is not the way they are suppose to be. This would allow our society to grow in a more positive direction, one that is for gender equality instead of against it.<br /><br />In our modern society the values and beliefs that people have for themselves and each other, come from the homogeneous message that the media gives to society. In all forms of media such as television, movies, magazines, music etc, it is evident that they create and maintain gender stereotypes such as looking certain way, what role in society a gender should occupy, and even which characteristics a gender should have to be considered normal. It is these stereotypes maintained by media that cause society to be saturated with the same idea of how treat people that do not fall into the social norms and it takes away peoples freedom of choice to be whatever they want to be. The media has the power to shape society the way they see fit for them, it is because of these concentrated male operated corporations that has our society is based on male power. If the large corporations were to break into large number small companies, it would create diversity on the type of media that society is subjected too.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Gender Politics now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-15389088305924178802009-08-12T05:57:00.000-07:002009-08-12T05:58:28.979-07:00Emma and Clueless EssayThe transformation of Jane Austen’s novel Emma into Amy Heckerling’s movie Clueless does not trivialise the original text, but rather, enriches it by repositioning the responder. Clueless allows for a whole new understanding of Austen’s Emma. An apparently superficial teen flick whose onion-like layers of meaning are peeled back one by one. The class structure and social mores evaluated in Emma are transformed in Clueless, reflecting modern values and relationship powerplays.<br /><br />The similarities of each text comments on the universality or unchanging nature to aspects of humanity. It is looking at the modern day equivalents in each text that we see can the contrasting values of these starkly different worlds. Thus, on close examination, comparisons are revealed, making the process a truly enriching transformation. By examining heroines in both texts, we are forced to revisit familiar themes and issues.<br /><br />Heckerling’s characters may use the language of the 1990s and have modern-day interests and occupations, but they depict similar traits as Austen’s characters: they display self-interest, vanity and practise deception but also demonstrate personal growth and perceptive honesty. Heckerling does this in a persuasive and engaging manner in order to target a larger audience.<br /><br />Heckerling conveys a similar message by utilizing and exploiting the technique of film. It is true as Jocelyn Harris writes, “In an age when the visual is said to have superceded the verbal, the movie Clueless provides extraordinary pleasures to people who still read books.” It takes Austen several chapters to introduce her characters – Heckerling is able to do it in seconds through facial expressions, tone of voice, style of dress, gestures, body language and the frame of shot. Thus, Heckerling caters for a wider and more literate audience.<br /><br />Heckerling establishes immediately that Cher will be the subject of dramatic irony. She opens the film displaying teenage lifestyle as it’s portrayed in TV commercials, but for these teenagers this surreal world is the real world. The audience is then introduced to Cher’s voice-over, whose incongruity with the images on the screen is a source of dramatic irony. There’s a comical gap between her assertion that she “actually [has] a way normal life for a teenager” and the image of her choosing her outfit on a custom-built computer programme that drives an electronic wardrobe.<br /><br />Clueless has the ability to appeal to all intellectual levels and entertain all viewers, an aspect which the novel Emma lacks. While Heckerling uses filmic techniques, Austen on the other hand uses dramatic irony. Although an educated person would not have trouble understanding the novel, someone of less intelligence would find Emma difficult to comprehend.<br /><br />The social values connected with Clueless are a clever interpretation of morals set in a world familiar to mass audiences of the 21st century. Social context is strongly distinguishable, with the use of technology and machinery. Everyone in the film owns a mobile phone, beeper, and an expensive car. This instantly identifies the technological revolution, and the symbols of wealth, consumerism, superficiality and prestige.<br /><br />Clueless succeeds in making the other characters of the novel updated to make them more relevant to modern audiences. Many characters have been transformed to fit the social contexts of today, in a different gender, personality or relationship to Cher over their forerunning characters. Heckerling transforms the character of Emma’s governess Mrs Weston to the younger more modern Dionne, a 17 year old, wealthy, well-dressed socially conscious character of African American origin. Heckerling has not only targets the audience of adolescent girls and boys, but also creates a politically correct and very modern atmosphere by making Cher’s best friend, the recreated Mrs Weston, as a young and vivacious black woman.<br /><br />Heckerling reassesses new values, but also maintains the author’s ironic voice and moral sense. The director illuminates the ongoing issue of woman’s place in a patriarchal society as well as the miasma of self-awareness and the realisation of love. She renovates old rhetorical devices to create new insights. The spirit of transforming Emma serves to generate a new network of relationships that makes Clueless an undoubtedly enrichment to Jane Austen’s Emma.<br /><br />Clueless is a clever transformation of a classic text. It ultimately engages a wider and generally more literate audience who appreciate the verbal and the visual.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Emma and Clueless now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-6574454758849481772009-08-12T05:51:00.000-07:002009-08-12T05:52:41.775-07:00Emily Dickinson EssayThere is a definite struggle between the materialist and the transcendentalist. These two waves of thinking are in complete conflict with each other because they display opposite views. The materialist believes that physical matter is the only reality and that everything can be explained in terms of matter, while the transcendentalist asserts the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and is knowable through intuition. As we read through the poetry of Emily Dickinson, it may be easy to classify her as materialist. But by looking at three of her poems: “I taste a liquor never brewed”, “There’s a certain Slant of light”, and “I died for Beauty”, we can see that Dickinson evidently displays some of the characteristics of transcendentalist thought: nature, transcendentalist language, and spiritual wellbeing.<br /><br />A language or “vocabulary list” that coincide with the beliefs of a way of thinking has accompanied each new wave of thought that has been introduced into our world. For example, in the time of the Enlightenment, the language revolved around equality, liberty, and freedom of rights etc. It is the same for transcendentalism. Those who adhere to the beliefs of transcendentalism will obviously speak of ideals such as truth, morality, harmony etc. It is this type of language that comes through in Dickinson’s poem “I died for Beauty”. This poem is filled with the ideal rather than the materialistic. The author describes herself as one who dies for beauty, and is soon joined in the grave by “one who died for Truth.” Both of these ideals “themsel[ves] are one, we Brethren, are”. Only the transcendentalist would ascribe truth and beauty as principles worth dying for. Thus her transcendental language comes forth in her search for the meaning behind death.<br /><br />Another characteristic of transcendental thought is the focus on nature. In “I taste a liquor never brewed” Dickinson talks of the drunkenness that comes from the nature around her. This state of inebriation comes not “from Tankards scooped in Pearl” or “all the Frankfort Berries” but “reeling… from inns of Molten Blue” and “Debauchee of Dew”. The beauty of nature elates her and she uses the metaphor of drunkenness to explain this exhilaration. And according to Dickinson, nature will continue to inebriate her till “Butterflies—renounce their ‘drams’” of nectar and foxgloves stop blooming. She ends this poem with an image of her leaning against the sun, ending the poem with the setting of the sun. The poem is about the joy that nature can bring and Dickinson’s background with transcendental thinking is strongly evident in this piece.<br /><br />The last characteristic of transcendentalism that Dickinson displays is spiritual well being. In the poem “There’s a certain Slant of light” Dickinson describes a beam “of light/That oppresses, like the Heft/ Of Cathedral Tunes.” This beam spills over us and “we can find no scar/But internal difference/Where the Meanings, are.” Dickinson is not just evaluating the spiritual well being of every human being, but rather is searching for that source of the spiritual. She looks past the light itself and focuses on the affect of the light. “When it comes, the Landscape listens/ Shadows hold their breath.” The materialistic would not wonder at the affects of this light, nor would they search for a higher meaning behind it. But because of her transcendentalist views, Dickinson is stepping out and taking us with her as she questions as to the “Heavenly Hurt, [the light] gives us”. Her transcendentalist background is visible as we journey with her.<br /><br />In all of these poems, we can see evidences of Dickinson’s transcendental way of thinking through her focus on nature, the transcendental “language” and spiritual well being. Each poem brings out a new side of Dickinson, whether it is her intoxicating joy of nature, her unification of truth and beauty as ideals worth dying for, or the spiritual reaction she receives through a beam of light. Each poem has something different to bring to us, and this is only enhanced by Dickinson’s transcendentalism. And through her poetry, we are lifted up to experience the joys of the ideal spiritual reality and the searching for the unknown.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Emily Dickinson now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-45275274933996542009-08-11T10:06:00.000-07:002009-08-11T10:08:28.957-07:00Vampire EssayIt is incorrect to assume that our culture has stories that are told and re-told afresh for every new generation. However, it is accurate to suggest that although major plot lines within texts may differ to appeal to a particular generation, many aspects and characteristics of these texts are similar as they are derived from the same basic myth. Within the screenplay “Dracula 2000” by Wes Craven and Tom Holland’s “Fright Night” this is profoundly evident. Both these films follow different plots to appeal to different generations, however because these films revolve around the <strong>vampire</strong> myth, they carry many similar characteristics regardless of the generation when which they were created.<br /><br />Tom Holland’s ‘Fright Night’ was constructed and released in the twentieth century. It follows the plot of a young man Charlie, who discovers that his latest neighbours are vampires. Charlie believes it is he who must rid the world of these vampires and protect his love interest. With the help of actor Mr. Vincent, Charlie eventually accomplishes this. Wes Craven’s Dracula 2000 however, was constructed and released in the twenty-first century and follows the plot of a group of individuals who in their quest for ancient treasure, release Dracula from his coffin accidentally. Dracula then begins his search for Mary, a woman who he believes is of his kind. Mary then struggles to hide from Dracula, while trying to protect herself and deal with the sudden appearance of her father. Although these texts differ greatly in plots to appeal to their audiences, they carry many similar aspects, as the plots are both structured around the vampire myth.<br /><br />Symbolism is extremely evident throughout both texts. The colours red and white are used to signify the influence of good and evil and the status of the characters. This is most accurately conveyed in ‘Dracula 2000’ when Dracula bites Mary and attempts to convert her. Once this takes place Dracula and Mary are presented in a room of white while embracing in a bed covered in white sheets. This is purposely created to convey an image of purity and innocence. However, in an instant, everything changes and Mary and Dracula are then presented in a room of red, with Dracula sitting in a bed of crimson alone, and Mary with an expression of confusion, standing adjacent to it. The various images of ruby colours in these scenes symbolise evil and iniquity. This symbolism is associated with the concept that vampires are evil and are therefore symbolised with red, as they attempt to convert an innocent, symbolised by white.<br />Similarly, the status of the characters in ‘Fright Night’ can be distinguished by the colour of their costume throughout the film. Jerry, the major vampire in the film, is always dressed in dark clothing however, whenever he ventures out to attack, he wears a bright red scarf around his neck. This is a deliberate addition to Jerry’s costume as it presents him as an evil character. In comparison with this, Aimee, Charlie’s girlfriend after being lured and bitten by Jerry, is still dressed in a white dress, which presents her as a pure and innocent character even after she is bitten and attempts to kill Charlie. Although this characteristic of symbolism is used in different contexts, it is similar to both texts. This supports the suggestion that although plots may differ to attract a certain audience, characteristics of the myth, which the texts are based on, do not.<br /><br />Throughout both texts there is great emphasis on vampire mythology through various iconography used. These elements deal with the psychological component of the vampire myth. The method chosen by both Mary and Charlie to kill the vampires within the films is extremely similar and both carry much influence from the vampire myth while conveying vampire iconography. Both Mary and Charlie choose to carry strings of garlic, stakes, crucifix (also worn) and holy water, as a form of protection and defence. Both vampires that feature in the films reside in coffins and do not enter sunlight. Jerry and Dracula possess an unnatural level of strength and do not enter a location unless invited first. Both vampires die by means of being stabbed in the heart with a stake, when which they crumble to ash. These characteristics are common to both texts, however the main story of the texts are quite different to appeal to a particular generation, which contradicts the statement that our culture has stories that are told and re-told afresh for every new generation.<br /><br />The vampires within the texts carry a charismatic aura, which, at the sight of them, instantly attracts both female and male characters to their charm. This sexual attraction felt by passers-by assist the vampire in luring their victims. In ‘Dracula 2000’, Dracula’s primary victim is an attractive young woman, whom he attempts to attack. Throughout the film, various scenes display the sexual tension between the characters and in the ultimate scene where Dracula is attempting to convert Mary; they are both dressed in seductive costumes and located in a bed. The scene then carries on to portray Mary fighting her sexual attraction towards Dracula. The seductive appeal that Dracula possesses is a recurring characteristic in ‘Fright Night’. Jerry the vampire entices Aimee, and due to her sexual attraction to Jerry, she willingly lets him take control of her. Throughout the film a frustrating sexual tension is presented between the characters and in the deciding scene when Jerry is about to attack Aimee, the pair are also making love as Aimee is overcome by her ‘sexual attraction’. This factor is adapted from the vampire myth and is therefore common to both films, although the films are constructed for a different generation.<br /><br />It is wrong to claim that our culture has stories that are told and retold afresh for a new generation. However, it is correct to suggest that although major plot lines change, many characteristics of texts remain similar as they are based on the same myth. Within films, ‘Dracula 2000’ and ‘Fright Night’, this is extremely evident with the common themes and characteristics of good and evil, various vampire iconography and traits of the vampires themselves.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Vampires now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-30518419131211795402009-08-11T10:01:00.000-07:002009-08-11T10:04:04.346-07:00Baptism EssayChristians mark important events in the natural progress of a human life with ceremonies. These ceremonies answer the questions which people ask about the mystery of life itself. <strong>Baptism</strong> answers the questions “ who am I?” and “what am I here for?”. Baptism is the rite of initiation into the Christian faith. The word ‘baptise’ comes from a Greek word ‘baptizo’ meaning ‘to dip’. When you get baptised you are asked to turn away from your sins. In baptism you are washed clean as a sign of the new life you are going to lead according to Gods law. When you are baptised you become a member of the catholic church. Baptism is the start of the three sacraments of initiation, the other two are holy communion and confirmation in the roman catholic tradition.<br /><br />Baptism is an initiation rite, this means it is a ceremony by which a person is made a member of something. When you are baptised you become a Christian. Baptism is a sign of new life and it is said that if you are baptised you are born again. Baptism is the washing away of sins and a sharing in the life with God. All Christians who do baptise agree that there are two important features in every baptism which are, What god does is important and what human beings do is important. These are the symbols of baptism: Water: This is a powerful, natural symbol of life and death. It gives life to the desert but water can also have a bad side like when the sea is rough and many people have drown. Oil: Two kinds of oil are used before the baptism and is a sign of strengthening for the life long struggle of temptation, sin and evil. The fragrant perfume is a symbol of beauty and dignity of a child of god. White garment: In the early church when you get baptised you wore a white robe as a sign of the fact that he was clothed with Christ when he was baptised. The garment would usually be provided by the mother of the child. The messiahs clothing was white and this is why the garment is white. Candle: Jesus said that he is the light of the world so the candle is an important part in the baptism. The candle flickering is a sign of life. Words and gestures: The words “I baptise you in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit. Amen” are the important words of baptism. The most important gesture in baptism is the sign of the cross. The cross represents the saving power of the crucifixion of Jesus.<br /><br />Believers baptism is for people that are old enough to understand what they are doing. There is no minimum age for the believers baptism. People that get baptised by their own choice must choose themselves if they want to be Christians. When they make that choice they must commit themselves to Jesus as a saviour and they must really love and serve him. Total immersion represents the believer identifying himself.<br /><br />There are a lot of Christians that get baptised and there are some that do not get baptised. The Christians that do get baptised are: The catholic church, the Presbyterian church, the Methodist church, the Anglican church and the Baptists church. The Christians that do not get are: The salvation army and the Quakers. Christian churches believe that baptism is very important. Baptism is practised in most churches such as the catholic church, the Presbyterian church, the Methodist church and the Anglican church. Christians believe baptism to be very important because if they baptised all their sins will be forgiven and they will be accepted into the kingdom of God. There is a connection between baptism and resurrection because when you are baptised you are starting a new life and when you are arising you are also starting a new life. Baptism was important to Jesus because this was what he believed in and he wanted to join the kingdom of God when he died.<br /><br />God has a lot of things to do with baptism. The three main things that God does are: forgives sins of the person being baptised, God receives them into his family as children and the last one is that he gives people a new spiritual life when baptised which continues with God after death for followers of Jesus. Human beings also have an important role to play during baptism. Those who are baptised must repent and accept Jesus as their saviour and lord. When a child is baptised and the parents/God parents make the promises and statements on behalf of the child.<br /><br />Christians understand the origins and purpose of baptism in different ways. There is a general understanding that the act of baptising forgives all sins and is a sign of joining other Christians in their new life as followers of Jesus Christ. Baptism is a physical act of which is a sign of new birth. Water is the important symbol used and the words of baptism expresses what is happening to the new member, however methods of joining the Christian church are different for various groups of Christians.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Baptism now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-47028398034955638352009-07-20T15:08:00.000-07:002009-07-20T15:09:41.260-07:00Lord of the Flies EssayIn William Golding’s <strong>Lord of the Flies</strong>, a group of English boys is trapped on an island that seems like paradise. However, when fear spreads through the paradise it takes charge of the boys’ lives and their innate fear destroys. Ralph’s fear destroys his hope of ever being rescued. Jack obliterates what civilization is left on the island when he splits the tribe due to his own fear, but this could also be shown through Piggy’s glasses. Finally, the boys’ fear of someone more powerful than them drives them to kill Simon and Piggy. Golding develops this theme throughout the novel.<br /><br />On the surface, the novel Lord of the Flies tells a story about a group of English boys stuck on an island after a plane crash. When the boys first realize that the are on a deserted island without any adults, they are ecstatic and treat life as a game. They have feasts, build a large fire, and make rules to govern the island by. To them, it is not survival: it is a game.<br /><br />In the novel, Golding makes it clear to the reader that Ralph’s innate fear overpowers his hope to be rescued. Throughout the entire novel, Ralph is the one person who insists on having the fire lit so that there is a chance of the boys’ rescue. When the fire goes out because Jack and his tribe won’t help, Ralph’s hope flickers and diminishes as well. To show the reader that Ralph is giving up hope, Golding writes a thought-provoking conversation between Piggy and Ralph where Ralph admits to Piggy that he is scared. “Not of the beast…but nobody understands about the fire. If someone threw you a rope when you were drowning. If a doctor said take this because if you don’t take it you’ll die-you would, wouldn’t you? Can’t they understand? Without the smoke signal we’ll die here?” (139). Ralph is shown to be afraid of death through this dialogue, and he is afraid that nobody else wants to be rescued. He also says, “And they don’t care. What’s more, I don’t sometimes. Supposing I got like the others-not caring. What ‘ud become of us ?”(139). Ralph’s innate fear is gripping his mind and he is afraid of the island turning from a civilized society into savagery. Ralph’s hope to be rescued diminishes with the smoke signal, and he doesn’t know what to do for the people that won’t listen to his warnings.<br /><br />Civilization is destroyed when Piggy’s specs are stolen, and when Jack splits away from Ralph and begins to lead a new tribe. It is Jack’s fear that makes him do this. He is afraid of Ralph being more powerful than him, and he doesn’t like to be reprimanded by the younger boy. To feel more powerful than Ralph, Jack defies him and leaves during a meeting, taking his new tribe with him. Golding also demonstrates the crumbling of civilization through symbols like Piggy’s glasses, the conch and the war paint. The glasses represent clear sightedness on the island. Half of the glasses broke when Jack steals them momentarily from Piggy after he and his hunters let the fire go out for the first time (71). The other half of the specs are not broken, but stolen permanently by Jack and his tribe after they break away from Ralph and need something to build a fire with (168). The conch represents order, but that order is demolished with the conch. In the beginning of the boys’ stay on the island, a boy is not allowed to talk during the meetings without the conch. However, meetings progress to shouting out of turn, and disregard for the authority of the conch. The symbol of war paint near the end of the novel demonstrates the actual fear that the boys still have for authority. Jack’s tribe uses the paint to hide themselves from the world’s punishments, and as an excuse to act without thinking. They feel as though they do not have to take responsibility for their actions. Golding shows civilization on the island being demolished through symbols and the splitting of the tribes.<br /><br />Innate fear finally leads to Jack’s tribe killing Piggy and Simon. Golding shows man’s primitive nature when the boys are dancing around fire after the pig roast. When Simon crawls into the circle, the tribe thinks he is the beast that they have been wanting to kill. The storm combined with their fear of the beast makes them kill it, not knowing that it was Simon (153). Roger also kills Piggy near the end of the story. The storm that rages only heightens his fear and hate of Piggy’s knowledge and intellect. “Roger, with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever” (180). After Jack’s tribe realizes that Piggy is dead, they dismiss it as being what would happen to you if you didn’t follow Jack. Golding heightens the boys’ fear throughout the novel by adding tension such as storms that drive men wild.<br /><br />William Golding wrote a story about English boys trapped on an island, but the real theme is innate fear destroys. Golding develops this theme through Ralph’s fear of savagery, Jack’s fear of being less powerful than someone, and Roger’s fear of intellect and rules. The island paradise is destroyed.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Lord of the Flies now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-26254072541568944482009-07-20T14:59:00.000-07:002009-07-20T15:02:53.146-07:00Postmodernism Essay<strong>Postmodernism</strong> cannot be historically pinned to any specific year, however, its ideas crystallized around the mid-1970’s. The concepts of postmodernism affected many disciplines including art, education, literature, film, sociology, and technology. To begin to understand postmodernism, one must first analyze the two movements prior.<br /><br />Purpose, unity, and totality were all crucial elements to the premodern vision of the world. The vision roots back to the times of myth and rituals. Many believed that the human self was essentially part of a greater and more sacred whole. The body and its senses were thought to be obstacles to the spiritual life. Individuals were overall dominated by tradition and strong solid institutions like the Roman Catholic Church. The Renaissance was also full of superstitious beliefs and mystical powers.<br /><br />The Enlightenment, during the 17th century, marked a new era. People no longer relied on past obscure traditions. Logic, science, and reason were used to obtain concrete answers about nature and order. Rene Descartes, for example, questioned the blind memorizations imposed on students. He wanted to methodically understand why things were so. People became skeptical about set institutions and old traditions. They understood the overall notion about how the universe functioned and were ready to logically construct the world. Protestants, as well as those involved in the French Revolution, rejected traditional authorities. The modern notion was that each individual was important and each individual had a choice about their position. The beginning of the French Revolution took place in the year 1789. The French questioned their oppression of the crown. People were no longer socially, economically, or politically satisfied with the crown. The modern idea, that one can work to progress, was born. Modernism can be roughly dated from the 1860’s to the 1970’s. Modernism is a movement that explored unbounded possibilities. Although modernist attempted to return to the classical forms, uniqueness and individuality were very much celebrated. There was a great emphasis on determinacy and the expression of emotions. People expressed their feelings and moved away from the established social norms. Nature and symbolism also played a great factor in modernism. Modernists believed in the order, or hierarchy, of things. Depth and creativity in thought, literature, and art were also very important. In literature, for example, there was “a move away from the apparent objectivity provided by omniscient third-person narrators, fixed narrative points of view, and clear-cut moral positions.”( Dr. Mary Klages.) Genres also blurred so that “poetry seems more documentary (as in T.S. Eliot ) and prose seems more poetic (as in Woolf or Joyce.)”( Dr. Mary Klages). Steam of consciousness, introduced by Stein, allowed writers to simply express their emotions through streams of thoughts and words. Although modernism had many positive ideals, it came short to reaching its goal and many lost faith in it.<br /><br />After some chaotic events, like World War I and World War II, Nazism, and nuclear bomb threats, people did not believe that everything was logical and orderly. Foundations, as well as other definite ideas, were rejected. There was a shift of focus from logic to collective, anonymous, and random experiences. Although somewhat similar, postmodernism had some conflicting differences with modernism. In actuality, there are divisions in theory even within postmodernists. “The seemingly anti-modern stance involves a basic rejection of the tenets of Modernism; that is to say, a rejection of the doctrine of the supremacy of reason, the notion of truth, the belief in the perfectibility of man, and the idea that we could create a better, if not perfect, society. This view has been termed deconstructive postmodernism “(Witcombe,Chris.) Deconstructive postmodernist believe that the world is meaningless and that purpose, truth, and world views are all non-existant. Constructive postmodernists do not entirely reject modernism. The concepts are similar to that of deconstructive postmodernists in that boundaries should not exist. Nonetheless, they reject the idea that only modern natural sciences structure the general worldview. Constructive postmodernists believe in the “unity of scientific, ethical, aesthetic, and religious institutions.”(Witcombe,Chris.)<br /><br />Although there are some contradictions in ideals within postmodernist, generally they would agree on some key ideas. They would agree on the belief that anybody’s ideas are as good as another’s. Everything is subjective, including “truth.” Truth is subjective to your own individual culture, experiences, and ideas. Who is to say that you are right or wrong? For example, in the phrase:” Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, one can derive that beauty is subjective to each individual. Reality is not only perceived by the mind, rather, it is constructed by it. Postmodernists believe that if reality is defined as one certain element, it becomes oppressive. Those that accept a “reality” are conformists. They are anti-foundationalism and anti-worldview because they deny any existence of universal truth. Another idea that Postmodernists agree is that history is subjective because it is not an account of events; rather it is seen as metaphors because it was a person’s subjective interpretation. Postmodernists do not believe in defined standards or symbols. In art, for example, there is no difference between an “original work” and a “copy” because they are both the same. They also have a different outlook on education in comparison to a modernist. Knowledge is not productive and beneficial by itself. It is a functional tool used to produce something else.<br /><br />Postmodernists celebrate incoherency, anarchy, disorder, and indeterminacy. Unlike modernists who favored “grand narratives” like the Bible and classical stories, postmodernists favor “mini-narratives.” These are small stories in which practices or events are explained with situational elements. They have no claims to universal truth, reason, or stability “Many modernist works try to uphold the idea that works of art can provide the unity, coherence, and meaning which has been lost in most of modern life..”(Dr. Mary Klages.) However, postmodernists celebrate the fact that there is discontinuity and fragmentation in the world and thus reflect it in their work.<br /><br />Salman Rushdie wrote the Satanic Verses in 1989. Through the work, Rushdie expressed his feelings about Islam and its “religious bigotry.” To a Muslim, Islam is a way of living and not just a faith. For this same reason, Rushdie rejected the structured form of living. There are “..liberal Muslims deplore the fatwa against Rushdie and support his right to publish, or even admire his work..”(Brians,Paul.) Nonetheless, a price was put on his head after he wrote this book and he has not been seen since then.<br /><br />Judith Butler was another controversial author. She used Freud’s psychoanalysis to support her postmodern views of gender. Butler did not believe it fair to classify a person to a particular group (i.e. male group, or female group) because of a single common element. According to Butler, “women” should be thought of as multiple and discontinuous, not as a category. Judith Butler introduced the queer theory through her book, Gender Trouble, written in 1990. The theory states that it is wrong to collectively identify people with a certain group. There are so many other elements in a person, besides gender, that a fixed identity would be unjust. Madonna is an example of the arguments involved in the queer theory “with her constant image changes, parodies of blonde bombshells such as Marilyn Monroe, her assertion of female power and sexuality, and her appropriation from gay/queer culture..”( Mistry,Reena.)<br /><br />Postmodernism sets no boundaries. There is no symbol, or worldview that can define what anything is. Reality and truth is subjective. “Hegemony assumes the role of "power" established by the postmodernists, acting as a social construct that promotes the existence of the group.”(Barnhart,Adam.) Although postmodernism is chaotic and many times contradictory, there are those that faithfully believe in its ideals. If one sets aside prejudices and criticism, much can be learned.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Postmodernism now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-9416493731829357092009-07-18T13:22:00.000-07:002009-07-18T13:22:00.106-07:00Flannery O’Connor Essay<span style="font-weight: bold;">Flannery O’Connor</span> has been hailed as one of the most influential contemporary writers. What makes her stories so unique is her use of grotesque themes and its effect on her mostly Christian themes. O’Connor truly sees her characters as “religious” heroes; even though some come across as evil, they know what they believe and expose their beliefs to others. “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”, “Good Country People” and “Revelation” show the Christian contrast between Evil and Innocence, which is portrayed through these so-called heroes and their prey.<br /><br />Critic Dorthy Walters commented that O’Connor deals deeply in the “human Spirits” of her characters, as well as, the worlds in which they surround themselves, either by choice or fault (23). As she reveals the characters and the world in which they live, she seems to project a negative sense of righteousness in them instead of what one would expect from religious characters. Critic Fredrick Hoffman pointed out that “Miss O’Connor writes about intensely religious acts and dilemmas in a time when people are much divided on the question of what actually determines a “religious act”(20).<br />O’Connor takes her ideas of religion from the Protestant South but also from the point of a Roman Catholic, which gives her characters their differences. The Protestant views inflict the reality of God in the characters and seem to condemn them to be surrounded by Him, whatever their outcome or original position concerning Him.<br /><br />In the story “A Good Man is Hard to Find”, the Grandmother conveys to the reader that she knows what she believes in, but when she encounters the Misfit she is thrown off by his questions and statements, leaving her questioning her original thoughts. In the story “Good Country People”, Hulga states that she believes in nothing and yet when confronted with the Bible Salesman you see a change in her beliefs; it’s almost as if she wants to believe in Christianity. And as for Mrs. Turpin in the story “Revelation”, she is portrayed as seeing herself as a good Christian woman, but through the events of the day she finds herself confronted with her “real self” and realizes her faults in being a so-called good Christian woman.<br /><br />Flannery O’Connor used grotesque themes and situations to make her stories differentiated from the common story. Many of her works are classified as “Southern Gothic” because of her strong feelings and strong use of moral and physical themes. Critic Dorthy Walters points out that O’Connor uses such grotesque implications so that the reader has the image that the world can and does have hurtful and even shameful alterations (29).<br /><br />In the story “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”, O’Connor labels the Misfit as a demented man who said and believed “It’s no real pleasure in life”(133). The Misfit was a character, who, while he believed in Jesus, also said “Jesus thrown everything off balance. It was the same case with me except He hadn’t committed any crime and they could prove I had committed one because they had papers on me”(131). This is why the Misfit was so demented and why he caused others, to rethink God and why He would allow this to happen to someone who believes in Him, and why someone who believes in Him could do such a thing. In “Good Country People”, Hulga is a thirty-two year old woman with a wooden leg and no respect for the common person. O'Connor’s use of grotesque is through Hulga’s deformity. She uses the wooden leg at the end story to show how the leg is not Hulga’s true deformity. Her true deformity is her willingness to believe in “nothing” without really knowing what “nothing” is, which brings her to her ultimate failure and end. As the Bible Salesman leaves Hulga, he tells her “you aint so smart. I’ve been believing in nothing since I was born!(291)” In “Revelation”, O’Connor uses the young girls appearance as her grotesque theme “the poor girls face was blue with acne”(490), and she proceeds to refer to her as “the ugly girl” throughout the story. The girl is shown to have a sour attitude and a great dislike for Mrs. Turpin. Overall the reader is not given a choice to how they might see the girl because O’Connor blatantly shows her to be rude and judgmental by her use of grotesque. After studying O’Connor use of Grotesque, critic Dorthy McFarland commented that “Beneath the grotesquerie of the surface, however, a deeper level of meaning is suggested by tonal shifts and by various significant cues and allusions. For instance, religious allusions and conventional platitudes are present in most of the stories as part of the cultural baggage of the characters, and are apparently no to be taken seriously (117)”.<br /><br />O’Connor’s so-called Heroes represent the Evil in her stories and the Innocent are their prey. O’Connor sees the Evil as Heroes because even though they go against Christianity, they expose the so-called Christian characters as fake. They are “fake” because they protest to believe in something whether it is religious or atheistic, and are either swayed by Evil or are exposed to not really know the origin of what they believe in.<br /><br />In “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”, the Grandmother and Family representing the innocent and the Misfit is labeled as evil. Unlike most good vs. evil stories, it shows a kind of “senseless” evil and “artful” innocence. For Example, Critic Abigail Hamblen labels the Grandmother as crafty and cunning by lying about the hidden panel, secretly taking the cat, and being rather calm when she tries to conjure some sense of sympathy from the Misfit (270). In “Good Country People”, the Bible Salesman is considered evil and Hulga is innocent. The Bible Salesman is the Hero because he finds that not only does Hulga not understand what “nothing” is but also she seemed to crave for what she thought he believed in. The story’s twist is that the reader believes that the Bible Salesman is the innocent one and Hulga, the Atheist, is evil. When the Bible Salesman’s scheme is revealed, the reader realizes he is the evil hero and the impact of his plan comes into effect, leaving the reader in awe. The ugly girl represents the evil in “Revelation” and Mrs. Turpin represents the innocent. O’Connor uses the girl to make Mrs. Turpin realize who she is and what she is not. She created Mrs. Trupins character as one who thinks herself a good woman and thinks she’s doing good by thanking God for who she is, but she is wrong when she thanks Him for not making her someone else because of their social status. The people in the waiting room represent all the people she could have been. As she judges them, she places herself above them only by their appearance. When the hero tells her “Go back to hell where you came from, you old wart hog”(500), she becomes upset and that makes her think on what she is as a person.<br /><br />Throughout these short stories Flannery O’Connor shows us how even the common person has a hidden past or a secret identity within themselves that even they might not be aware of. Their identities deal mostly with what they believe and how they respond to how the Heroes condemn them for their lack of knowledge or lack of faith behind their religions. Most of O’Connor’s so-called Heroes have to expose themselves for what they are, before they expose the truth behind others. She combines Heroes and grotesque themes to create a lasting style of writing that can only be heard through the pages of the short stories by Flannery O’Connor.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Flannery O'Connor 451 now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-23112884664486242222009-07-17T13:24:00.000-07:002009-07-17T13:28:36.052-07:00Hamlet EssayThere are many things that critics say make <span style="font-weight: bold;">Hamlet</span> a "Great Work," one of which is the way that Shakespeare masterfully incorporates so many sub-plots into the story, and ties them all into the main plot of Hamlet's revenge of his father's murder. By the end of Act I, not only is the main plot identified, but many other sub-plots are introduced. Among the sub-plots are trust in the Ghost of King Hamlet, Fortinbras, and the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia. These three sub-plots are crucial to making Hamlet the master piece that it is.<br /><br />In the times that Shakespeare lived ghosts were a readily accepted idea, but one had to be wary of them because it was difficult to decipher a good ghost from a bad one. Horatio, Hamlet's best friend, first brings that question into our mind when the Ghost is asking Hamlet to follow it.<br /><br />Horatio warned:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"> Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"> That beetles o'er his base into the sea,</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"> And there assume some other horrible form</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"> Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"> And draw you into madness' Think of it. (68)</span><br /><br />Hamlet disregarded Horatio's warnings, followed the Ghost of his father, and heard of the murder that took place. This is where he learned of his quest to revenge his father, the main plot of the play. But Hamlet still wasn't sure of the validity of the Ghost, so he decided to put the Ghost's accusations to a test. "There is a play tonight before the King: One scene of it comes near the circumstance Which I have told thee of my father's death. . . Observe my uncle. If his occulted guilt Does not itself unkennel in one speech, It is a damned ghost that we have seen" (156). By having a group of players reenact his father's murder, he was able to tell from Claudius' (the murderer of King Hamlet) reaction that the Ghost was not of the devil. To take this sub-plot out would have left the reader/audience with many questions, especially in Shakespeare's time. People would wonder if the ghost was of good intent, and if Hamlet was wise in revenging his father.<br /><br />In many versions of Hamlet, the character of Fortinbras is taken out. Fortinbras is the heir to Norway, but his father lost almost all of his inheritance to King Hamlet. Fortinbras wanted revenge, but he was told he could not take it because the land was lost fairly in an agreed contract. Fortinbras represents Hamlet after he has learned of his father's murder, the only difference is that he does not take revenge because King Fortinbras was not murdered. Although what he contributes can easily be omitted from the play, many feel that it ruins the play at the end. After all of the heirs to the Denmark throne have been killed, Fortinbras comes to Denmark from a victorious conquer of Poland. In his dying breath Hamlet said, "But I do prophesy th'election lights On Fortinbras. He has my dying voice" (308). Because much of the Denmark land once was Fortinbras' inheritance, Fortinbras was enable to claim the kingdom. This ending is needed to make the play a true tragedy. According to Aristotle, a tragedy is a "a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force, . . . reaching a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror while leaving one with a sense of reconciliation rather than one of horror by presenting a view of life in which the idea of justice is central" (Handout, emphasis added). Knowing that he will make a good king, and having Hamlet's blessing, Fortinbras taking over the kingdom creates the sense of reconciliation that the reader/viewer needs.<br /><br />There are lines through out the play that make the reader/audience question Hamlet's true feelings for Ophelia, but everyone agrees that they did have a relationship together. The relationship is first brought up in Act I, Scene 3 when Laertes, Ophelia's brother, warns her about it, and later on in the same scene, her father, Polonius warns her again. Laertes seemed to believe that Hamlet had affection for his sister, but he doubted if Hamlet could act on his affections: "But you must fear, His greatness weighed, his will is not his own. For he himself is subject to his birth" (54). On the other hand, Polonius at first doubted Hamlet's feelings. He told Ophelia, "These blazes, daughter, Giving more light than heat, extinct in both. . . You must not take for fire. . . Believe so much in him that he is young, . . . Do not believe his vows; for they are brokers. . ." (60). He then forbade her ever to speak to Hamlet again. Later on, however, Polonius thought it a good reason for Hamlet's madness, and thought he would use Ophelia to test his idea. This ties the relationship into the main plot of the story because Hamlet is acting mad because of his knowledge of his father's murder. In this time Hamlet both says that he loved her and denies it, but he is acting in such a mad way that Polonius is unsure of Hamlet's true feelings towards his daughter. In the final act Hamlet says again that he loved Ophelia, in front of all those attending her funeral. In Hamlet, Ophelia represents innocence and one without knowledge. She is the image of Hamlet before he discovered the truth of his father's death. If the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia were to be taken out of the play it would ruin the flow, and it would take away other sub-plots that also relate to the main plot, especially Laertes' revenge on Hamlet for Polonius' death.<br /><br />For many authors, to take so much as a word out of their work it is destroying it. For plays though, it is meant for words to be changed and added, but not for whole plots and sub-plots. To take out such a big section of a play is disastrous because it leaves the reader and audience with unanswered questions. The sub-plots add to the plot complexity, let the audiences become more involved, and let them all leave feeling that they had seen some characteristic of themselves in the play. This is what makes a play great, and makes the audience want to see it over and over again. Even a seemingly needless character can relate to someone. The more sub-plots (ones that are well worked into the play) the more people that can relate, the better the play.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Hamlet now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-8308228580751487562009-07-17T13:18:00.000-07:002009-07-17T13:19:48.615-07:00Fahrenheit 451 EssayMost people have a basic understanding of obedience; however, many may fail to see the application and the impact of it in their own lives and in our society. Submission into conformity discourages the type of independence that is valued in our supposedly free-thinking world. Censorship is one of the major themes in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Fahrenheit 451</span>, and its impact is illustrated through submission in appearance, behavior and thought. This invites us to draw clear relationships between Ray Bradbury‘s novel and our current society.<br /><br />The association between appearance and social acceptance is already apparent in our lives. In order to achieve societal norm we wish to look and act like our peers, and as a result censorship in appearance has become a common example of submission today. In Fahrenheit 451, Montag realizes that a major part of being socially accepted as a fireman is to conform through appearance. Montag observes this fact while there are countless examples of conformity through appearance in our society. The belief that physical beauty is more valuable than intelligence is a very common habit throughout the world especially in schools and those people make the others feel inferior. And as a result we may often conform to accept standards of appearance rather than focusing on the value of our gifts and talents.<br /><br />In this way we are able to draw a fundamental relationship from our own society to the troubling world described in Fahrenheit 451, citing conformity in appearance as proof of this connection.<br /><br />Conformity in behavior is another damaging example of submission found in our culture today. However, in Fahrenheit 451 Beatty describes conformity as a positive aspect of society – he argues that conformity in behavior prevents violence and jealousy by restricting the gifted and talented people from their ability to excel, which is good in a way because then the others won‘t feel bad. However, the real problem in the situation Beatty describes is not the exceptionally bright child (when he is trying to show Montag the uselessness of books) but the group of people of those who submit to it. Unfortunately, this very situation occurs repeatedly in our society today. People who choose not to conform may be persecuted by the groups of people who submit into censorship, and through that act of persecution the people reinforce conformity of behavior.<br /><br />In this way we see that Bradbury’s portrayal of censorship in behavior is similar to the way we conform in our society, illustrating yet another fundamental connection between Fahrenheit 451 and our world today.<br /><br />Because of the democracy in which we live, we are free to hold any opinions we wish and we feel pride in ourselves on our right to freely say these opinions by talking and making announcements in the daily news and also on the television.<br /><br />However, we often find that although we have the right to think freely we often choose instead to take upon the opinions of the others. Thus, one of the most prominent examples of conformity in our society today lies within thought.<br /><br />In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury sees a futuristic society in which this submission of thought is highly valued. In the novel, the fire captain Beatty strongly believes that every person must think alike; for conflict and unhappiness only arise when differences are perpetuated. There may be some truth to Beatty’s claim that conflicting theory and thought creates unhappiness and discomfort within a society (again when Beatty was saying the uselessness of books). One example of this is the strong pressure from our culture and some factions of government to be “politically correct”. As a somewhat ordinary remedy for the cruel intolerance of minorities, our society has created a system of thought in which we must exhibit ultimate acceptance of persecuted groups. The pressure to be politically correct can be so strong that any opinion that does not suggest an underlying discrimination but which is conveyed to the public in a “politically incorrect” manner is considered socially unacceptable. Those who communicate their non-negotiable thoughts may be viewed as immoral and dishonest. Through the strong pressure to be “politically correct” we see that conformity of thought remains in our society and parallels Bradbury’s portrayal of the theme in Fahrenheit 451.<br /><br />“If they give you ruled paper, write the other way,“ a man said the previous quote and this quote was placed in the beginning of the novel. Obviously selected to create awareness of Bradbury’s principal theme. By choosing this quote, Bradbury reaffirms that the purpose of the novel was to encourage independent thought and create a basic awareness of the submission found in our world. This conformity is illustrated through appearance, behavior and thought both in the novel and in our society today.<br /><br />Also some people think that with the knowledge of books and other references they are somewhat superior than others and that is why Beatty claims that books should be burned with no restriction. On the other hand if it weren’t for people like Dr. Nash, Einstein and others we wouldn’t have the technology and intelligence we have today.<br /><br />Why do you think that the books were allowed to be burned in the novel? Because of the ignorance of humanity. We humans wish for everything to be as simple and with the least effort possible, that’s why we don’t like to learn, we want everything to be as simple as it can be among others.<br /><br />In conclusion, censorship is found in many ways throughout our world and if we keep up our discrimination of people, the censorship in our world, submission into conformity, etc. We will wind up on the world Bradbury portrays in his novel.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Fahrenheit 451 now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-8044374120582238992009-07-17T13:13:00.000-07:002009-07-17T13:16:10.994-07:00Internet Censorship EssayThe Internet has become a growing source of entertainment and information over the past years. Statistics say, there are "over two million new Internet users per month" (NTIA). More than half of all Americans are "online." "In September 2001, 143 million Americans, or about 54% of the population were using the Internet" (NTIA). As more and more people<br />Become familiar with the internet, the potential of its contents grows rapidly, at an uncontrollable rate. Why uncontrollable? Because in some cases there are no restriction to what can be put one the internet, what can be viewed on the internet, or who can view what is on the internet. Just about anything and everything can be found on the internet. With something such as the internet, which contains virtually an infinite amount of space, more is being added than taken away. Therefore with the growing amount of users, the contents grows as well. Different people use the internet for different things with no worries, because they have the right to. But should everybody have these privileges? With all these people using the Internet, shouldn't there be a restriction on what can and cannot be seen on the internet? Some answer yes, some answer no. For many reasons there is no determinant of who is right or wrong.<br /><br />There are numerous reasons why the Internet should be censored. The major argument for censorship that has accumulated the most attention deals with the protection of children. "The issue of morality and children has become a leading factor in the struggle over whether or not to attempt to censor the Internet" (Friedman 25). Statistics say that "75% of children ages 14-17 use the Internet and 65% of children ages 10-13 use the Internet" (NTIA). Children can access the Internet at home, at school, at public libraries or at a friend's house. There is so much indecent material on the Internet, such as pornography that children should not be exposed to. How many children have already been exposed to this type of material on the internet alone? That remains uncertain, however it takes merely curiosity driven from TV programs, or even a friend, for an underage child to go on the internet and view material beyond what is meant for them to see. These sites, while they may come with an X-rated warning to not enter unless over 18, are still accessible to children, or whomever wishes to enter. Given the fact that there are warnings on such sites, there is still no guarantee that the viewer is of legal age. Children who aren’t of age, are most likely not mature enough to be exposed to such material, therefore the potential of permanently affecting a child’s morality remains high. The Communications Decency Act, or CDA was a proposed law on Internet Censorship that was overturned. "Senator Jim Exon (D-NE), co-author of the Communications Decency Act (CDA), are in favor of putting strict laws into place regulating the Internet in order to protect children: "The Decency Act stands for the premise that it is wrong to provide pornography to children on computers just as it is wrong to do it on a street corner or anywhere else" (Landier). Obviously one could go on for days supporting censorship of the internet with more than enough legit arguments, however there always remains two sides to every story. In this case; why not to censor the internet.<br /><br />"There is no question that it is important to protect America's future and its children. But the issues involved address some of the most cherished precepts in the Constitution. One of the key dilemmas is to find a way of reconciling the protection of children's rights without infringing on the rights of American adults" (Friedman 26). ‘til the day America is no more, people will always fight for their rights, regardless. This makes sense, for these rights are in the constitution which was the foundation of our country. While some may find pornography offensive and repulsive, there are many who indulge in this pastime. And those who wish to have the right to, given to them by the Constitution. We as a people have no choice but to accept this. We as a people have no right, to take another’s away based on an opinion, regardless of how many oppose it. The first amendment gives all the right to "freedom of speech of the press." This includes the Internet, and guarantees each individual the right to express themselves and view what they want on the Internet. When dealing with censorship, another topic that must be kept in mind is personal privacy. Not all material on the internet is meant to be pornography. Some people keep their personal material on the internet and share it with certain individuals. For example, videos or pictures shared by distant friends, my resort to the internet as their only way of sharing, given their geographical location. There should not be any censorship for someone’s personal material because they are the only ones that should be viewing it anyway. If all private material were to be censored at all times, it would most definitely not be considered private, or personal. Total internet censorship is an extremity of what should be done. Although in this case, how or where would one draw the line between censorship, and privacy. It remains subjective. The Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition or (CIEC), is working to not censor the Internet. Who are we to take away rights granted to us by our Founding Fathers? They may have not been referring to pornography on the Internet, but it is the same principal. And if we were to take away these rights in any way it might very well be the biggest contradiction of the constitution yet.<br /><br />Personally, I believe that the Internet should not be censored. Freedom of speech was given to us by the Constitution. The rights have been ours for centuries and should not be taken away today, in modern society. I think that some kind of compromise could be reached between censoring the Internet, and protecting our children. After all, children are our most precious resources and they should be treated like they are. They should be protected, the children of today are very much the future of tomorrow. Eventually there must be a solution to regulate who should be able to view, what should be censored, and an effective way of enforcing it. Otherwise our constitution will hold a lesser value that is has for centuries, and when the rules have been broken once, it most likely will happen again Much of the material accessible on the Internet is offense to some adults, but those adults are not obligated to look at it. It is easily avoidable. And as for children viewing questionable material at home, servers such as America Online allow "Parental Controls" where parents can block their underage children from viewing certain sites. To this day there are numerous parental control programs they help avoid accidental, or deliberate, encountering of explicit material on the internet, none of which are guaranteed. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, and is allowed to voice it. This right is granted to us by the same amendment that gives us the right to express ourselves on the Internet.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Internet Censorship now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-67216655704544652842009-07-15T09:25:00.001-07:002009-07-15T09:27:17.401-07:00Demons of Advertising EssayHuman nature has been easy to figure out throughout the years. This fact could turn out to have more cons attached to it than ever imagined. In the beginning advertising had its place. Advertising pushed patent medicines, filled a few pages of the Sears catalog, sponsored radio detective programs, acted as magazine filler, and eventually made it to television. The thirty second TV spot became the model. Now some advertisements have crossed the ethics line. The line between advertisement and entertainment are becoming nonexistent. Guerilla, stealth marketing, and product placement are the two main unethical agents in advertising.<br /><br />Stealth by far is the most sneaky and unethical technic in advertising. Stealth marketing is sending actors to interact with real people and casually talk up a product. These actors do not wear a name tag or a logo shirt, they appear as normal people. A great example that would best explain stealth marketing would be the Sony-Ericsson company. They invented a new cellular phone with a built in camera. They hired a group of actors to walk around Times Square in New York City posing as tourist acting as newlywed couples on a honeymoon. They would go up to strangers and ask them to take their picture. After a few minutes the unsuspecting person would ask how to take the picture. Then they receive a live demonstration on the new Sony phone. Of course the actors would explain where the got the phones and how great they are. Consequintly the sale of the phone tripled within one month of this advertising technique. The strangers leave thinking “what a nice couple and that was a cool phone.” Gary Ruskin, the executive director of Consumer Alert, said “it's deceptive, it's absolutely unethical to deceive people like this. In addition, it's taking advantage of the kindness of strangers and that's pretty low.” One man that was told that the two people were actors said “I feel violated, Imean, I had a connection between the two people and then to find out that they are salesmen!”<br /><br />Another great example of stealth marketing would be the company of Tuwaka. The company came out with a new version of a spiced rum. However the problem was that they were going up against a fierce market, so they turned to stealth marketing. In this scenario a semi-attractive male actor orders a Tuwaka drink in front of other male customers to another attractive female actor. Of course she comes over and they hit it off. He gets her phone number and then she leaves. Just about 90% of the time the other male customers ask “how did you that?“ His response usually includes how women love that drink and that's how he gets dates. How far are these companies going to take this marketing technique? In this instance stealth marketing is using basic human desire. Is that ethical?<br />The second unethical marketing system is guerilla marketing. Guerrilla is defined by Word Book Online Encyclopedia as “Guerilla warfare, pronounced guh RIHL uh, is warfare by roving bands of fighters who torment the enemy with ambushes, sudden raids, and other small scale attacks. Guerialls may be organized, but usually fight in small bands. They most often operate behind enemy lines and use hit and run tactics and sabotage to surprise and torment the enemy. They take advantage of natural features of the terrain-such as forests, hills, lakes, and rivers-to conceal and launch attacks.” Companies started to realize that conventional marketing was being spotted a mile away. Consumers were becoming numb to conventional advertising. The marketing director decided to put the advertisements behind enemy lines in a sense. They had to disguise their ads so no one would know that in fact they were being sold a product.<br /><br />A good example of guerrilla marketing would be Jojo's Subs. Jojo of course had a better product and a better value than its competitor Subway. However Jojo did not have the marketing budget of Subway. One technique he used was putting flyers displaying a much better deal than they just purchased up on cars in front of subway. The customer would feel violated in a sense that they just spent more of their hard earned money than they had to. Another technique he used was sending people to subways and making complaints in front of potential customers. In the complaint the person would say he is going to Jojo's for a better sub as well as a better deal. In a sense Jojo put someone behind enemy lines.<br /><br />That example was on a small scale. A large corporation such as Nike has almost an unlimited budget when it comes to marketing. They have hired behavioral scientist to really get behind enemy lines. Many studies were conducted of many different groups. Now the marketing department were armed with a powerful tool. They knew exactly what group wanted what. Of course the obvious occurred, celebrity endorsements. What kid would not want to slam a basketball like Michael Jordan or hit a baseball like Ken Griffey Jr. On the Nike commercials they have just shots of Jordan and Griffey just performing their sports, but they are wearing Nike shoes. Playing on these emotions of children enabled Nike to sell a shoe for over $100 which only cost on average $2 to make. Playing with such a influential minds is not ethical.<br /><br />Alltel as used a different form of guerrilla marketing in the sense of setting up mall blitzes. They would set up a booth for free massages or manicures on the walls would be the logo boomerang, but there would not be an actual advertisement. Boomerang was their new pre-paid service geared toward college students. Alltel also hired people to go into public chat rooms on the Internet and ask about the new Alltel product Boomerang. Basicly just using these techniques to infect everyone's curiosity. All these techniques end up on a 85% spike on the number of hits the Boomerange web site. Once again the large corporation used human nature of curiosity to sell the product.<br /><br />In conclusion, the consumer should very careful when they receive an urge to purchase a new product. A consumer may never know if the had been a victim of guerrilla or stealth marketing. But as long as there are consumers companies will always try to find a new way to sell their products verse their competitors. Many large corporations say that there are no lines being crossed. They obviously haven't been a victim of either one of these techniques.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Advertising now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-44169746296562410322009-07-15T09:19:00.000-07:002009-07-15T09:24:13.331-07:00Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning EssayThis essay will illustrate the extent to which effective marketing must incorporate <span style="font-weight: bold;">Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning</span>. Marketing effectively differs from one organisation to another as each has their own separate goals, which they pursue. To answer how important each of the afore mentioned marketing tools are, one must define what Marketing is and then take into account how each is applied and why if not applied in an organisations approach to selling could mean abrupt failure, or maybe that they do not matter at all.<br /><br />The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) defines marketing as: ‘The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements.’ (Lancaster & Reynolds 1998, p.11)<br /><br />An alternative definition is offered from the American Marketing Association (AMA): ‘The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives.’ (Lancaster & Reynolds 1998, p.11)<br /><br />The CIM definition perhaps sums up the overall aim of marketing whereas the AMA definition identifies the tools which effective marketing would use when realising the firm’s objectives (Lancaster & Reynolds 1998). Looking at both definitions, they both finished stating that something must be satisfied, customer requirements and organisational objectives. So to market effectively you must be able to reach the organisational goals whilst also meeting your customer requirements.<br /><br />Market segmentation is defined by Kotler and Armstrong (2001, p.244) as ‘Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers on the basis of needs, characteristics or behaviour who might require separate marketing mixes.’ These needs, characteristics, and behavioural factors, which signify different demands, come from a multitude of different reasons. The main profilers used to segment the consumer markets are Geographic, Demographic, Behavioural and Psychographic factors. On the other hand organisational market profilers are Industry, Type of Organisation, Size, Geographic, Application, Usage and Purchasing Organisation factors. (Doyle 1994)<br /><br />It begs the question; why segment the market instead of mass marketing the same product? The best-known example of Mass Marketing or Undifferentiated Marketing is told by Kotler and Armstrong (2001). They go on to use the example of Henry Ford’s marketing strategy of the Model T Ford. When he put the car into production, he told the cumsers, they could have the car “in any colour as long as it is black”. This though was many years ago; Ford has progressed and produces many different models today. An example of a company who still uses the Mass Marketing technique is outlined by Wilson and Gilligan (1997). Black & Decker faced a drop in its worldwide share of the power tool market from 20% to 15% as more Japanese firms began to compete by marketing in a more ‘aggressive’ manner than Black & Decker. As a result of this Black & Decker moved away from a policy of customized products for each market and instead focused making a smaller amount of products that could be sold everywhere which the same basic marketing approach. From this example it can be seen that not breaking down the market in terms of product, works for some companies whilst also satisfying customers, hence the increase in market share for Black & Decker.<br /><br />Ultimately segmenting the market is the first step to giving the firm the ability to better match the customer needs, enhance profits, enhance opportunities for growth, retain customers and target communications (Doyle 1994). Being able to satisfy more customers with your brand or brands, brings one back to the definition offered by the CIM. More customers satisfied equals marketing more effectively. An example of a company, which uses segmentation within the USA, is Proctor & Gamble. They manufacture many products including washing detergent.<br /><br />‘To some people, cleaning and bleaching power are most important; to others, fabric softening matters most; still others want mild, fresh-scented detergent’ (Kotler & Armstrong 2001, p.244)<br /><br />Hence there are different groups or segments of the washing detergent buyers and each of these seek a different combination of benefits. Proctor & Gamble have recognised this and have gone on to produce eight different brands of detergent to satisfy these markets (Kotler & Armstrong 2001). Lesser and Hughes (1986, The Generalizability of Psychographic Market Segments Across Geographic Locations. Journal of Marketing. 50(January) 18-27) study summarises that segmentation plays a vital role in contributing to corporate planning, but there has not enough research into it to make enough generalizations to contribute to the advancement of ‘Segmentation Theory’.<br /><br />Having segmented the market the strategist is faced with a series of decisions on the amount of and which segments to approach. The Strategists main concern is choosing a target would be profitable (Wilson & Gilligan 1997). Three factors which the strategist will have to consider are ‘the size and growth potential of each segment, their structural attractiveness and the organisation’s objectives and resources’ in coming to a final decision on which segments to target (Wilson & Gilligan 1997, p.297). Referring back to the AMA definition of marketing, they say that marketing involves satisfying organisation objectives. The importance of targeting is so choose the correct segment(s), which fulfil the company objectives. Effective marketing would be achieved if the strategist chose the right segment or segments to target, which would reach the company objectives. However each company has different objectives, and to demonstrate a company objective which each company, excluding non-profit organisations have, one can use Profit.<br /><br />The strategist would then assess the profit potential of the segments, for instance using Porter’s Five Forces Model (McDonald 1999). The company would now have to decide which and how many segments to serve, which is the problem of target market selection (Kotler & Armstrong 2001). The firm can adopt one of three market coverage strategies, ‘Undifferentiated Marketing, Differentiated Marketing or Concentrated Marketing’ (Kotler & Armstrong 2001, p.266).<br /><br />Choosing the correct marketing strategy will depend on the type of product you have to supply. Undifferentiated marketing has already been explained. Differentiated marketing is when the company adopts several segments to market to and provides separate offers for each. The example of Proctor & Gamble was used before, another example of a company marketing effectively to many segments is Nike, who supply training shoes to many different market segments including Soccer, Basketball, Aerobics, Martial Arts and many more<br />(Nike. Available at <: URL: http://www.nike.com>[Accessed 16 November 2002]). By offering these product variations, these companies hope for increased sales and a stronger position within each market segment. For instance ‘Proctor and Gamble obtain a higher market share with eight brands than they would if they only made one. Nevertheless operating differentiated marketing usually increases costs to the business, for example it would cost more to produce 10 units of 10 different products rather than 100 of the same product’ (Kotler & Armstrong 2001, p.266). Thus to market effectively the company must weight the increased costs against increased sales to market effectively. (Kotler & Armstrong 2001)<br /><br />Concentrated Marketing is when the company focuses on one or a few segments or niches rather than going for a small share of a large segment. This type of marketing is especially appealing when there are limited company resources (Kotler & Armstrong 2001). An example of this is ‘Steve Warrington’s business which sells ‘everything ostrich’ and generated in excess of $4 million revenue in 2000. Today the low cost of setting up an Internet company makes it increasingly possible to serve seemingly minute niches’ (Kotler & Armstrong 2001, p.267). It is important to locate the correct segment for your product and company to move into, it can lead to being able to move in quickly to dominate a niche or that you can dramatically increase your market share by offering many products to many segments. On the other hand you may realise that your product is what everyone wants, for example Petrol, ‘whether your car is a Lada or a Rolls Royce petrol will make it go’ and you don’t need to segment and offer different products (Brassington & Pettitt 2000, p.198).<br /><br />Finally once the market has been segmented and a segment or segments targeted by the company, they have to identify the positioning concept within each target segment and select and develop the appropriate positioning concepts for each (Wilson & Gilligan 1997). This will relate to task of ensuring the company’s products operate a planned-for place in the chosen segments appropriate to its competition. This notion of positioning is applicable to both consumer and organisation markets and each share the same assumptions which are that all products and brands have subjective and objective attributes and potential customers may think about one of these attributes when deliberating whether to buy the respective brand or product. The potential customers will also have predetermined views on the attributes of the various competing products, which they will assess the new product by (Lancaster & Reynolds 1998).<br /><br />The company would build a position for itself by following the three steps outlines by Kotler & Armstrong (2001, p.270) and acting upon their results.<br /><br />‘Identification of a set of possible competitive advantages upon which to build a position, choosing the right competitive advantages, an selecting and overall positioning strategy. The company must then effectively communicate and deliver the chosen position to the market.’<br /><br />It is important that the company’s positioning plan is not flawed, as this is the final stage before putting the product actually on the ‘market shelf’. Creating a product image not suited to the target segment could mean absolute failure due to the product itself not being properly thought through (Brassington & Pettitt 2000). For example the work of Pring (see Brassington & Pettitt 2000, p.364) gives an example of a failed product from MD Foods. He explained that the results gained from test marketing are not the same as what may happen in the real comsumer environment. The company had to withdraw its cultured dairy product Gaio as consumer groups disputed its claims that to have lower cholesterol levels. Not enough outside factors were taken into consideration prior to the launch of the product, and it led to its failure. The way in which a company positions its product is vital, it must be done correctly or the whole marketing process beforehand, segmenting the market and choosing the target segments can be a waste of time. Doyle (1994) recalls the problem IBM faced when the personal computer prices began to decline in the early 1990’s. Instead of threatening their own high price brand image they instead, created a new company under IBM called Ambra, effectively cloning the IBM machine but selling it at a much lower price to satisfy the booming ‘mass’ and ‘economy’ markets.<br /><br />To summarise, a well- developed strategy of market segmentation, targeting and positioning together would enable the company to market effectively, in the way in which its customers need’s and wants are satisfied and the organisational goals are realised. A wide variety of processes have developed to segment the market, target the most long-term profit potential customers and to enable the product to be positioned so it will be a success. Although as there is no definite product, which always needs these strategies, one can realise that it is important to use them because it will allow increased potential for the company’s objectives to be realised as well as ensuring your potential customers will be satisfied, thus your marketing will be effective.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom essay on Marketing now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com26tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-8367456823203194362009-07-01T01:41:00.000-07:002009-07-01T01:43:20.265-07:00Computers Research Paper<strong>Computers</strong> today are used in a way people commonly are doing work on it. There is more to computer typing there’s programming, troubleshooting, communications, and many of more uses from them people and I go through. People and myself has me know that there is more to computers then just typing more of it comes where in how other specific devices are used to convert data. Troubleshooting things such as viruses, networking, data loss, putting computer together, etc. has taught me more in depth about computers today. Having to do all of this has shown me that computers are a source of reflection of how it used and done with. Communications and new software development has made people has there life’s saved is now another things used for computers to talk and send mail/messages. It a new trend for people to have computers and to use them in communicating in a whole new way. So computers are used now are changed today with new things you would like.<br /><br />Throughout now in computers were hard to describe in-depth in the programming as it was made in what people and myself thought. People use computers in a concept of doing work on it and nothing else that so interesting. It wasn’t an interesting thing back then when it was made. Everybody ignored it as a useless product that never existed in the world. When I used it was hard to use and understanding more in detail the entire major concept of how the programming was. People like myself had a hard time figuring out uses for it. It was like a machine in a hard way to describe in of all the technology/electronics they had made to a computer. Programming it in what to do on it was like typing, printing, and playing was the major thing that was done. It was nothing but just playing and doing working on a computer, which was made to do. Having it programmed for these kinds of uses are having people do these common things. When computers are describes as programming in special uses as work, printing, and playing has the first new beginning of computers.<br /><br />Now troubleshooting is the next thing that occurs around computers such as viruses and other errors for different reasons. People today are having these encounters to these problems and have been evolving around them. They are a big problem because it destroys all data and makes the computer not load up. It’s like a disease spreading to all around the computers and has never stopped. Another problem is that a person and myself hate to loss data to the program you’re working on for any type of project/work you’re on. It’s a major hassle to loss a big thing on a computer that you save and worked hard on. This is something people go through everyday to have these errors occur overtime. Having to delete important files from your computer to work has made them lose their work and the computer it self. This is why people have trouble thinking that it gets them frustrated. It the common problem everyone goes through everyday in using one. So computers back than were a big hassle to the people who bought them and encountered so many problems.<br /><br />Today now computers have made a communications and software cure for troubleshooting in the major problem people have in the computer system. In the communications they have a Chat line/E-mail to send about anything between you and your friend through a network computer. This is something people enjoy doing to communicate with anybody they know. It’s a lifesaver now to send anything across a computer network in the world. The next thing is that software that can destroy viruses in detecting and protecting your computer has made a cure for it. People whom have troubleshooting in their computers now have software on the market see it’s a big help. It’s a new generation people now are safe with any software program that can be protected. The different between the reflections of the computers had shown many of what people encounter in their everyday life. Everything from the past has now made a lot of big changes. Now people are starting to get computer in a whole new different way for them to use it. Now new things added to the computer systems today has better communications and new software that helps people not to lose anything.<br /><br />People from the past had problems with computers in knowing what it is. They would just use it as typing out work and other things. In that people occur with troubleshooting problems like viruses and errors. Now today they made new communication and software to help out people from their problems they have. So the reflection of computers has now shown new things has come to the future.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom research paper on Computers now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com68tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-80766667756116818032009-07-01T01:34:00.000-07:002009-07-01T01:38:12.152-07:00Genetic Engineering EssaySara just found out her baby will be born with ADA deficiency (bubble-boy syndrome). The baby will be born with no immune system, and be forced to live a short, sheltered life with no “out-siders”. Sara’s baby will only die early if they can’t find a bone marrow donor match, which is rare. What should Sara do? Look into <strong>genetic engineering</strong> of course! “The idea, simply, is to inject corrective genes into a patient’s body to replace faulty ones”(How Soon is Too Soon?). Genetic engineering can make better food products, help cure and control disease, and has worked on animals.<br /><br />Scientists study genetic engineering for animals, to make better food and control spread of animal disease. In cattle they slip in extra genes to reduce fat in meat. In chickens they are developing genes that make chickens mature faster and have more meat. They are also working on enhancing disease resistance (Thro 41-42).<br /><br />Genetic engineering is used to understand the cause of disease, for treatments of disease and for possible cures for disease. Gene therapy is another form of genetic engineering. It is basically the same technology but it puts the genes into an unborn baby (Thro 70, 81). With these technologies, in the near future, if someone were to get a third-degree burn, doctors would just grow some skin cells in a container and then place them on your skin. Or if someone had a heart attack they could replace the bad heart cells with the artificially made “good ones”. What if someone broke his or her back? Scientists could grow nerve cells to place into your back. Scientists in California are working on a gene-based drug that will cut-off the blood flow to cancerous cells in someone’s body. These cells will eventually strangle the cancer cells, curing the cancer. In the future there will be artificial genes that can protect against HIV, diabetes, cancers, and Parkinson’s disease. “This research obviously promises to significantly advance human life”. Now, some people still think this procedure is wrong. Do you think that it is wrong to take some skin cells (that otherwise would have washed down the drain) and put them into an enucleated egg and grown in a petri dish with the intention of curing your grandpa’s Parkinson’s disease? Besides, does your uniqueness really come from your genes? Say that Fred could have a brain transplant with George. So after the procedure is done Fred is still Fred just in George’s body, right? Anyway the point is that brains make you who you are. Not your genes (Petri Dish Politics)! In the 1970’s there was a boy born with no immune system (ADA deficiency). America came to know this boy as “the boy in the plastic bubble” or “bubble boy” because he lived in a large bubble made of plastic. The bubble acted as his immune system; it kept the germs out. He lived into his early teens, but could not see his family or friends. ADA deficiency is a rare disease, and is usually treated with enzyme treatments or bone marrow transplants, but these don’t come close to correcting your immune system. That is until now! In 1990 the first gene engineering on humans was approved. They worked this phenomenon on a four-year-old girl. First they made copies of the normal ADA gene, and then inserted them into a dormant virus. Next they mixed some T cells (part of the immune system) with the ADA gene and the dormant virus. Then that grew into a colony of about a billion. Next they put that into the girls body like a regular, everyday, blood transfusion. Then she returned for a few more. In 1992 the treatment seemed to be working well and her immune system was strong (Thro 81)). Eight years later she is still living a good life, swinging and smiling (How Soon is too Soon). The most studied disease in this field is cystic fibrosis, which is a disease that effects the lungs. A thick, sticky mucus clogs the lungs. This disease makes you vulnerable for fatal infections. People that have this disease usually die before age 30. Scientists have now found the gene that carries cystic fibrosis (Thro 70-72). They can now test adults fore this gene. For example doctors tested Jerry and Emily, a married couple for the gene. They found that Emily has the gene but Jerry doesn’t. If they ever decided to have kids, their kids would not get this disease because the gene is recessive. Bob and Linda had the same test done. It says that they both have the gene. If they ever decided to have kids, their kids would have this disease. Thanks to genetic engineering scientists can see this. “The pace of scientific advance in genetic engineering is sure to increase (How Soon is too soon).<br /><br />Scientist has done some genetic engineering testing on animals. In September 1999 Joe Tsien made mice smarter by putting in extra copies of a gene into the mice’s brain cells. In a short time they will be able to put these genes in humans. These humans would have an easier time learning and remembering (Petri Dish Politics). Two groups of scientists have been able to treat hemophilia B in mice and dogs (Thro). From Dolly the lamb we learned that doctors might one day take the nucleus of a skin cell and put them with an egg and mix them with the appropriate hormones and proteins. Then they would turn the cell into a heart tissue; for example, your body would not reject this because it’s a match with your immune system (Petri Dish Politics). If genetic engineering has worked on animals well doesn’t that mean it possibly will work on human’s well in the future?<br /><br />Genetic engineering is a technology that will help us in the future. As far as we know you CAN NOT change your personality with this maneuver. “Genetic engineering as a whole is one of the most promising technologies on the planet”(www.foxbghsuit.com). With genetic engineering we can make better foods, fight disease and has worked on animals.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />___________________<br />Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom written essay on Genetic Engineering now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-76834955851145048052009-06-22T08:44:00.000-07:002009-06-22T08:46:00.346-07:00The Articles of Confederation<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />The Articles of Confederation</span> provided the United States with an effective government from 1781 to 1789. They were a model of what a loose Confederation should be. The Articles succeeded in maintaining the union of the thirteen states as well as clearly outlining the general powers of the centralized government. Yet, despite these positive deeds there were many setbacks. One primary setback was the feeble government designed to prevent any future abuse of power. However, with all things considered the Constitution that now shapes modern America would have never been formed without first evolving from the flawed Articles of Confederation.<br /><br />The Articles of Confederation were drafted in 1776 by a congress appointed committee even before America declared independence. They became effective on March 1, 1781 when the last of the thirteen states, Maryland, finally ratified the constitution. The Articles were the first written constitution of the Republic of the United States. Thomas Jefferson hailed the Articles as the best one “existing or ever did exist.”<br /><br />The accomplishments of the Articles that helped provide the United States with a basis for a foundation of government include the development of Congress. The Congress was the chief agency of government comprised of delegates or representatives from each state. The Congress was responsible for conducting foreign affairs, declaring war and peace, maintaining an army and navy as well as establishing a postal service. The Congress took part in significant affairs of the country during the last two years of the Revolution, helped to negotiate treaty of Paris in 1782 and produced two monumental pieces of legislation.<br /><br />The first momentous legislation passed by the Congress was The Land Ordinance of 1785. Fortunate states such as Virginia and New York owned much acreage in the Old Northwest on the basis of earlier charter grants while the smaller, land hungry states cried injustice. As a result, Congress devised a plan in which the states were to cede their western territory for the benefit of the “common good.” ( Doc. E ) The land was sold and the proceeds were used for the benefit of public schools as well as to pay off national debt.<br /><br />The second noteworthy legislation passed by Congress was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. This act concerned the governing of the Old Northwest territory. The Northwestern “colonies” would be subordinate to the federal government and when their population reached sixty thousand they would be admitted into the Union by Congress with all the rights and privileges of its thirteen other members. Both the Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance proved to be so successful that their basis principles were ultimately carried over to other frontier areas.<br /><br />However successful the Articles were, most of its accomplishments were outweighed by its weaknesses. Created during the Revolutionary War, the Articles reflected the weariness and the vigilance of the Americans due to the strong central government like that of Britain. The American people were fearful of a government that would ignore individual needs and the abuses that resulted from a strong centralized government. (Doc. G ) As a result, the Articles purposely established a large share of power to the individual states. Also, due to the fear of abuse of power the Articles denied Congress power to collect tax but was able to plead the states to contribute on a voluntary basis.( Doc. A ) In addition the Congress was not allowed power over interstate and foreign commerce.<br /><br />The Continental Congress had been careful to give the states as much independence as possible. There were no executive or judicial branches and therefore no federal courts. The states were so sovereign that the federal laws were enforced by state courts and the central government could not even act directly upon the people. The weaknesses of the Articles further divided the union and as a result the government was not able to properly handle international crises. In 1784 the Mississippi port, controlled by Spain, was closed off to American commerce. This act not only threatened the west’s ability to grow productive but also the budding American economy. John Jay’s negotiations with Spain’s Minister Diego de Gardoqui proved to be fruitless due in part because of the weaknesses and constraints that bound him as a government official. ( Doc. F ) Also, foreign relations with Britain were still strained during the years of the Articles. Britain declined to make a commercial treaty or repeal the ancient Navigation Laws. Even when trade between America and Britain occurred as United States population increased, meaning more goods, the estimated market value for American exports to great Britain still remained the same. ( Doc. B ) Although America’s grievances and demands presented to Britain were all on fair grounds the American government still could not even control its own commerce. ( Doc. D ) These crises along with Shay’s rebellion, sparked the need for a stronger constitution.<br /><br />By the late 18th century it was clear that the United States would not prosper under the Articles of Confederation. George Washington described the situation under the Articles as “a half-starved limping government, that appears to be always moving upon crutches and tottering at every step.” The American people under the Articles of Confederation grew out of the revolutionary spirit that detested any superior government. Although the call for a new constitution would be opposed by some, the need for an even stronger one was agreed on by all.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom written paper now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-46649447263081102342009-06-22T08:40:00.000-07:002009-06-22T08:42:42.154-07:00TerrorismWhere was America on the morning of September 11 prior to 8:44 AM Eastern<br />time. Going to work? Going to school? Reading the morning paper? Watching the news<br />as the planes hit the World Trade Center? The events of our lives that morning will be<br />remembered by all Americans as the world watched in horror as the terrorist crashed into<br />the World Trade Center. Pure chaos broke loose in New York City. Innocent people’s<br />were taken, many people badly were injured. All because of terrorist and there leader<br />Osama bin Laden. This was the worst attack on the United States of America in all of<br />history. They then went on to crash a plane into the Pentagon killing more innocent<br />American’s. The terrorist attempted to tear our nation apart through fear. While we are<br />sorrowful at the loss of our fellow American’s, we have emerged stronger and more<br />united as a nation then before September 11th. Some of the possible solutions for this<br />tragic problem are to bomb all terrorist camps and camps supported by al-Qaida, enhance<br />all securities in airports to insure saftey amongst Americans’, tighten the borders to<br />prevent illegal aliens from coming to the United States, arrest all suspected terrorist of the<br />al-Qaida party.<br /><br />This has been the most devastating attack on the United States ever. They<br />destroyed people’s lives. Put fear into Americans everyday life. It shook our nation very<br />badly. President George W. Bush delivered one of the most powerful speeches ever given<br />when he addressed the nation September 12. “ We will not waver, we will not tire. We<br />will not falter and we will not fail.” (President George W. Bush)<br /><br />There are many possible solutions to these problems. The United States are taking all the<br />possible precautions to prevent another terrorist attack from happening. A possible<br />solution that the United States Defense Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, is using is airstrikes<br />on selective targets to provide cover for our ground troops. We bomb during the night,<br />but to show we do not mean to hurt any innocent civilians we drop food and medicine<br />during the day. The goals of this campaign was outlined by (Defense Secretary Donald H.<br />Rumsfeld) Acquiring intelligence that will assist planning for future attacks against Osama<br />bin Laden’s al-Qaida terrorist network and Afghanistan’s Taliban rulers. Changing “the<br />military balance over time” by denying to the Taliban the weapons they now use in fighting<br />various opposition forces, including the northern alliance and tribes in southern<br />Afghanistan. Developing relationships of groups of Afghanistan that oppose the Taliban<br />and al-Qaida. Making it more difficult for al-Qaida to use Afghanistan freely as a base of<br />operation. Making it clear to the Taliban leaders and their supporters that “harboring<br />terrorists is unacceptable and carries a price.” Providing humanitarian relief to afghans<br />suffering under the Taliban. (Rumsfeld)<br /><br />Other possible solutions might be to more closely monitor illegal aliens entering<br />our country. Particularly at the Canadian borders and Mexican border. Check all of the<br />Visa’s of the aliens on our country. More closely monitor luggage that is checked onto<br />airplanes to be sure that the passenger and the luggage are on the same flight. President<br />Bush, Vice president Chaney, Secretary of State Powell, and Secretary of Defense<br />Rumsfeld, and Prime Minister Blair need to continue to solidify the coalition of all<br /><br />nations to uncover and fight terrorism. Attorney General John Ashcroft along with the<br />heads of the FBI and CIA, are investigating and arresting all possible associates of the<br />suicide terrorists. World-wide there have been over 900 arrests of terrorist associated<br />with al-Qaida.<br /><br />The problem of terrorism will not go away easily. It will take many years of<br />diligent work by our country’s most capable leaders. The many programs being used by<br />our government will help to safeguard the American public against terrorist, however the<br />threat remains constant. No doubt there are still terrorist living amongst us everywhere.<br />We can only trust that President Bush will continue to work to eliminate terrorism. Not<br />only in the United States, but with our allies throughout the world.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom written paper now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-72955267714379451542009-05-11T02:39:00.000-07:002009-05-11T02:40:45.704-07:00The Stress of College LifeTo accomplish your dreams in life, sometimes it takes a lot of college classes and time. Time that you don’t have , or have to work in your schedule. That’s when <span style="font-weight: bold;">college stress</span> becomes a problem. College life is very stressful because of the time management, course load, motivation, and the failing of the grades.<br /><br />Time management is a big deal, when you don’t have that much time to start with. For the past year, Artt has started his day’s at four in the morning. He starts his day off with work, and that was 10 hrs a day. He then drove from work straight to school, and from there, home, to get in his bed. This process went on for about four to five months, it wore him out. On day he found out about time management. This semesters he will go to school full time, and will have four classes to pass. So, he set-up a schedule for himself, the things he has time for and the things got doesn’t have time for. This way if he has an assignment due at a certain time, he will be able to look at his schedule, and mark something out or add something in. So, Artt’s course load won’t be as hard on him at he thought it would.<br /><br />Artt’s courseload will take a lot out of him this semester. He will take four major classes biol, soci, math, engl, and also will have to maintain a part-time job. With this being his schedule, he will have to use his time wisely. Most of these classes he signed up for are reading and memorizing classes. So most of his time will be at home, trying to get caught up on is reading materials. The reason he is taking so many classes is because, if he keeps at this pace he will be finished with school within a year an a half.<br /><br />His major doesn’t need that many years, but he has to know all his information before he can start any of his major classes. He loves the struggle that he will have to make to achevice his goal. Artt believes that he would appreicate it more. So, he will have to motivate himself, to accomplish everything.<br /><br />Motivating himself, has to be the worse, or the most stressful thing to do. There is always someone around him, letting him know what he can and can not do. Sometimes it hurts to know that there is always someone looking over you hoping you will fail. However, to know this, it only make him stronger, and a smarter person. Artt trys his best to be all that he can, Negative only motivates him more. After, he looks at te whole situation, he noticed that in the end he only has himself. He knows that no one else will be there to help him, and that he will have to help himself and stay forces on what’s important. He knows that if he doesn’t stay focused, he will fail.<br /><br />Failing is not a good category for him, because if he fails he has successed at anything. Artt has so many classes to worry about, that he has no time to fail. If he wants to be finished with school within a year, than he will have no time to slack at anything. With his new time amnagement schedule that he has set-up for himself, he should have enough time to study, or even get any homework done. Artt know’s the course load that he has taken on for himself. So with that in mind, he knows what he has to accomplish for himself.<br /><br />Artt has so much to do, in so little time. With all the college stress, he has to be responsible. The time he used to spend on doing nothing, and sitting around, can actually pay off by studying . He can also learn how to become more responsible, with the course load that he has taken on each semester. Having more daily duties, will give him a chance to organize his time, and figure out the next step. His motivation has to be very high, and I should be able to tell himself that he can do it, with or with out anyone. After all the pressure, and motivation his goals can and will be accomplished. Failing is not an option, and will never be an option.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom written paper now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8940622484745001780.post-49062227968494949062009-05-11T02:35:00.000-07:002009-05-11T02:37:32.703-07:00Should Drugs be legalize or not?Now days we have hear or seen debates on T.V. on whether the Government should or should not legalize drugs. Drugs have become part of a problem in society, but on the other hand drugs have been medicine to many people who have personal problem. Drugs can ruined your life if they are consume, but people with problem of drug can be treated. Drugs have their advantages and have its disadvantages, but <span style="font-weight: bold;">should drugs be legalized or not</span>?<br /><br />Drugs shouldn’t be legalizing for many reasons; for example, they can be addictive and bad. A person can become addictive with drugs at times, and once you become addictive there isn’t much to do unless the person addictive to it is willing to do something about it. I’ve seen many cases where young people (teenagers) have die because of the overdose of cocaine, marihuana or any other drug. Drugs are dangerous and bad to our bodies, especially to the brain. Drugs are also destructive and not only to our bodies, but it can’t destruct our families and friends. If the government wants to legalize drugs and people agree with them would only be to destruct family values and young people’s life. Even if the government would legalize drugs another strong illegal drug is going to be released or drug dealers would be ruined, so that kind of thing is never going to be stop.<br /><br />On the other hand drugs should be legalize because it can stop crime, and police would have less worries. We’ve seen on news that many innocent people have die because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time, and for some reason they were involve in a fight that had to deal with drugs and they didn’t have nothing do to with drugs. So if drugs would be legalize all of those crimes would stop and innocent people would stop paying for something they didn’t do.<br /><br />Another reason, what is wrong to put into or do with our bodies, the United States is a free country or it isn’t? If someone wants to blow their brains out it’s their own business, as long they don’t do anything to you. Now days Tobacco is the most addictive drug in our society, which is also bad is just that it takes more time for a person to die than any other drugs, like marihuana or cocaine. The Government waste 40 billions of dollars trying to intercept drug shipments, instead on wasting all that money in drug shipments they should waste it in other things; for example, in homeless people, people with disabilities, schools, cities, etc. If drugs were legalized society would have fewer problems with crimes and police would have fewer worries.<br /><br />This world has change a lot and there isn’t much that we can do to solve the problem. People die or kill for drugs and police can’t do nothing about it. The Government would have less worry if they legalize drugs, but a lot of young lives are going to die. While on the other hand not legalizing drugs would save peoples lives. Drugs are good and bad in their own way depending on how people use them.<br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Our professional custom writing service can provide you with a 100% non-plagiarized custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation or other assignment of high-quality. All custom papers are written from scratch by professional academic writers. Any topic, any discipline, any deadline. Feel free to </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.customwritings.com/main.html"><span style="font-weight: bold;">order a custom written paper now</span></a><span style="font-style: italic;">.</span>Tomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00343875377359654392noreply@blogger.com8